extraire
French
Etymology
Changed, based on the Latin root, from the original Old French estraire, from Vulgar Latin *extragere, from Latin extrahere, present active infinitive of extrahō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛk.stʁɛʁ/
extraire (file)
Conjugation
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -extray- root: *je extrayis, *que nous extrayissions etc. Forms using the ‘a’ endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -extrais- was used instead of -extray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of extraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | extrayant /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | extraire | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | extrayant /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ |
extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ |
extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ |
extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ |
extrayait /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ |
extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ |
extrayaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | extrayai /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ |
extrayas /ɛk.stʁɛ.ja/ |
extraya /ɛk.stʁɛ.ja/ |
extrayâmes /ɛk.stʁɛ.jam/ |
extrayâtes /ɛk.stʁɛ.jat/ |
extrayèrent /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | extrairai /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ |
extrairas /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ |
extraira /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ |
extrairons /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ |
extrairez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ |
extrairont /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
extrairait /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
extrairions /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
extrairiez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁje/ |
extrairaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extraies /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ |
extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | extrayasse /ɛk.stʁɛ.jas/ |
extrayasses /ɛk.stʁɛ.jas/ |
extrayât /ɛk.stʁɛ.ja/ |
extrayassions /ɛk.stʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
extrayassiez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ja.sje/ |
extrayassent /ɛk.stʁɛ.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
— | extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ |
extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “extraire” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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