foedo

Latin

Etymology

From foedus (“filthy”). Compare Old English bædan (“to defile, pollute”). More at bad.

Pronunciation

Verb

foedō (present infinitive foedāre, perfect active foedāvī, supine foedātum); first conjugation

  1. I make foul or filthy, soil, dirty; defile, pollute, disfigure, mar, deform.
    • c. 370 CE – 404 CE, Claudian, Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti 537–540:
      Ipse favens votis solitoque decentior aër, quamvis adsiduo noctem foedaverat imbre, principis et solis radiis detersa removit nubila.
      The very weather, favoring our prayers and more decent than usual, although it had marred the night continually with rain, removed the clouds, wiped away by means of the rays of the sun and the emperor.
    • 1425—1450, (MS. Selden 55, Bodleian Library, Oxford) Vita Beati Eduardi Regis et Confessoris, p. 371, lines 327-329:
      Mira Dei virtus! trabeam non ulcera foedant; purpuream regis nec fluxus sanguinis atri splendorem vestis minuit, sed fortius auxit.
      The extraordinary virtue of God! The sores do not defile the trabea; nor did the flow of black blood diminish the splendor of the clothes, the purple of the king, but more strongly emphasized it.
  2. (figuratively) I dishonor, disgrace.
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 29.7:
      (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios Οπικων appellatione foedant.
      (The Greeks) also assert repeatedly that we are barbarians and that we are dirtier than others, dishonor us by calling us philistines.
    • 1509—1513, Ludovico Ariosto, De Diversis Amoribus:
      Humanone trucem foedabo sanguine dextram, ut meus assiduo sub bove crescat ager?
      Shall I disgrace my savage right hand with human blood, so that my field may continually thrive under the ox?

Inflection
   Conjugation of foedo (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present foedō foedās foedat foedāmus foedātis foedant
imperfect foedābam foedābās foedābat foedābāmus foedābātis foedābant
future foedābō foedābis foedābit foedābimus foedābitis foedābunt
perfect foedāvī foedāvistī foedāvit foedāvimus foedāvistis foedāvērunt, foedāvēre
pluperfect foedāveram foedāverās foedāverat foedāverāmus foedāverātis foedāverant
future perfect foedāverō foedāveris foedāverit foedāverimus foedāveritis foedāverint
passive present foedor foedāris, foedāre foedātur foedāmur foedāminī foedantur
imperfect foedābar foedābāris, foedābāre foedābātur foedābāmur foedābāminī foedābantur
future foedābor foedāberis, foedābere foedābitur foedābimur foedābiminī foedābuntur
perfect foedātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect foedātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect foedātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present foedem foedēs foedet foedēmus foedētis foedent
imperfect foedārem foedārēs foedāret foedārēmus foedārētis foedārent
perfect foedāverim foedāverīs foedāverit foedāverimus foedāveritis foedāverint
pluperfect foedāvissem foedāvissēs foedāvisset foedāvissēmus foedāvissētis foedāvissent
passive present foeder foedēris, foedēre foedētur foedēmur foedēminī foedentur
imperfect foedārer foedārēris, foedārēre foedārētur foedārēmur foedārēminī foedārentur
perfect foedātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect foedātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — foedā — — foedāte —
future — foedātō foedātō — foedātōte foedantō
passive present — foedāre — — foedāminī —
future — foedātor foedātor — — foedantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives foedāre foedāvisse foedātūrus esse foedārī foedātus esse foedātum īrī
participles foedāns — foedātūrus — foedātus foedandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
foedāre foedandī foedandō foedandum foedātum foedātū

Adjective

foedō

  1. dative masculine singular of foedus
  2. dative neuter singular of foedus
  3. ablative masculine singular of foedus
  4. ablative neuter plural of foedus

References
  • foedo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • foedo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • foedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
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