geal
English
Etymology
From Middle English gelen, from Old French geler, from Latin gelare, from gelu. See gelid.
Verb
geal (third-person singular simple present geals, present participle gealing, simple past and past participle gealed)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for geal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɟalˠ/
Declension
First declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Adjective
geal (genitive singular masculine gil, genitive singular feminine gile, plural geala, comparative gile)
- white, bright
- 2015, Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, transl., Maura McHugh, editor, Amhrán na Mara (fiction), Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea by Will Collins, →ISBN:
- Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.
- Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.
-
- clear
- Tá a craiceann chomh geal le sneachta.
- Her skin is as white as snow.
- (literary) fallow
- (figuratively) bright, pure; glad, happy; dear, beloved, fond
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | geal | gheal | geala; gheala² | |
Vocative | ghil | geala | ||
Genitive | geale | geala | geal | |
Dative | geal; gheal¹ |
gheal; ghil (archaic) |
geala; gheala² | |
Comparative | níos geale | |||
Superlative | is geale |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- aongheal (“all-bright”, adjective)
- bonn geal m (“silver coin”)
- ceanngheal (“white-headed”, adjective)
- fíon geal m (“white wine”)
- gealacán m (“white of egg, of eye; kneecap”)
- gealach f (“moon”)
- gealán m (“aurora”)
- geal-liath (“white”, adjective) (of hair)
- gile f (“whiteness, brightness”)
- plúr geal m (“white flour”)
- tae geal m (“white tea”)
Verb
geal (present analytic gealann, future analytic gealfaidh, verbal noun gealadh, past participle gealta)
- (transitive, intransitive) whiten, brighten; clear
- Gheal an spéir. ― The sky cleared.
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) make, become, glad, happy, fond
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | gealaim | gealann tú; gealair† |
gealann sé, sí | gealaimid | gealann sibh | gealann siad; gealaid† |
a ghealann; a ghealas / a ngealann*; a ngealas* |
gealtar |
past | gheal mé; ghealas | gheal tú; ghealais | gheal sé, sí | ghealamar; gheal muid | gheal sibh; ghealabhair | gheal siad; ghealadar | a gheal / ar gheal* |
gealadh | |
past habitual | ghealainn | ghealtá | ghealadh sé, sí | ghealaimis; ghealadh muid | ghealadh sibh | ghealaidís; ghealadh siad | a ghealadh / ar ghealadh* |
ghealtaí | |
future | gealfaidh mé; gealfad |
gealfaidh tú; gealfair† |
gealfaidh sé, sí | gealfaimid; gealfaidh muid |
gealfaidh sibh | gealfaidh siad; gealfaid† |
a ghealfaidh; a ghealfas / a ngealfaidh*; a ngealfas* |
gealfar | |
conditional | ghealfainn / ngealfainn‡‡ | ghealfá / ngealfᇇ | ghealfadh sé, sí / ngealfadh sé, s퇇 | ghealfaimis; ghealfadh muid / ngealfaimis‡‡; ngealfadh muid‡‡ | ghealfadh sibh / ngealfadh sibh‡‡ | ghealfaidís; ghealfadh siad / ngealfaidís‡‡; ngealfadh siad‡‡ | a ghealfadh / ar ghealfadh* |
ghealfaí / ngealfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go ngeala mé; go ngealad† |
go ngeala tú; go ngealair† |
go ngeala sé, sí | go ngealaimid; go ngeala muid |
go ngeala sibh | go ngeala siad; go ngealaid† |
— | go ngealtar |
past | dá ngealainn | dá ngealtá | dá ngealadh sé, sí | dá ngealaimis; dá ngealadh muid |
dá ngealadh sibh | dá ngealaidís; dá ngealadh siad |
— | dá ngealtaí | |
imperative | gealaim | geal | gealadh sé, sí | gealaimis | gealaigí; gealaidh† |
gealaidís | — | gealtar | |
verbal noun | gealadh | ||||||||
past participle | gealta |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
geal | gheal | ngeal |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- "geal" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “1 gel” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʲaɫ̪/
Adjective
geal (comparative gile)
Declension
Case | Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | geal | gheal | geala |
Vocative | ghil | ghil | geala |
Genitive | ghil | ghil/gile | geala |
Dative | geal/gheal | ghil/gheal | geala |
The distribution of the lenited vs unlenited forms is mostly determined by the presence or absence of the definite article. Plural forms depend on the method of plural formation of the noun.
Derived terms
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
geal | gheal |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
References
- “1 gel” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.