gratter
French
Etymology
From Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Compare German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁa.te/
Audio (file)
Verb
gratter
Conjugation
Conjugation of gratter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | grattant /ɡʁa.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | gratté /ɡʁa.te/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | gratter | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | grattant /ɡʁa.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattes /ɡʁat/ |
gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattons /ɡʁa.tɔ̃/ |
grattez /ɡʁa.te/ |
grattent /ɡʁat/ |
| imperfect | grattais /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattais /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattait /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattions /ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/ |
grattiez /ɡʁa.tje/ |
grattaient /ɡʁa.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | grattai /ɡʁa.te/ |
grattas /ɡʁa.ta/ |
gratta /ɡʁa.ta/ |
grattâmes /ɡʁa.tam/ |
grattâtes /ɡʁa.tat/ |
grattèrent /ɡʁa.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | gratterai /ɡʁa.tʁe/ |
gratteras /ɡʁa.tʁa/ |
grattera /ɡʁa.tʁa/ |
gratterons /ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/ |
gratterez /ɡʁa.tʁe/ |
gratteront /ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gratterais /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterais /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterait /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterions /ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gratteriez /ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/ |
gratteraient /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattes /ɡʁat/ |
gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattions /ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/ |
grattiez /ɡʁa.tje/ |
grattent /ɡʁat/ |
| imperfect2 | grattasse /ɡʁa.tas/ |
grattasses /ɡʁa.tas/ |
grattât /ɡʁa.ta/ |
grattassions /ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
grattassiez /ɡʁa.ta.sje/ |
grattassent /ɡʁa.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
— | grattons /ɡʁa.tɔ̃/ |
grattez /ɡʁa.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “gratter” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Norman
Etymology
From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.
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