gs

See also: GS, Gs, g's, .gs, g.s., G's, and ␝

English

gs

There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

m

Declension of gs (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gs

gs

2-lit.

Conjugation of gs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gs, geminated stem: gss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
gs	gsw, gs	gst	gs, j.gs	gs, j.gs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
gs	ḥr gs	m gs	r gs

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	gs.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	gs	active + .tj¹, .tw²	gs	gss, gssj⁶, gs², gsw^{2 5}, gsy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.gs¹, gs, gsy, gsw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.gs¹, j.gsw^{1 5}, gs, gsj⁶, gsy⁶	gs, gsw⁵
prospective	gs, gstj⁷	—	gstj⁴, gst⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 115, 273 page 105, 115, 273.
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

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