oil
English
Alternative forms
- oyl (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). More at olive. Supplanted Old English ele, also from Latin.
Pronunciation
- enPR: oil, IPA(key): /ɔɪl/, [ɔɪɫ]
Audio (US) (file) Audio (UK) (file) Audio (file) - Homophone: Oi'll
- Rhymes: -ɔɪl
Noun
oil (countable and uncountable, plural oils)
- Liquid fat.
- Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
- 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.
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- An oil painting.
- 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist (page 89)
- Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.
- 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist (page 89)
Derived terms
- baby oil
- burn the midnight oil
- castor oil
- cod liver oil
- cooking oil
- cottonseed oil
- croton oil
- crude oil
- essential oil
- evening primrose oil
- gas oil
- gorli oil
- grapeseed oil
- infused oil
- linseed oil
- mineral oil
- motor oil
- mustard oil
- neck oil
- North Sea oil
- oil baron
- oil change
- oil field
- oil-fired
- oilman
- oil paint
- oil painting
- oil palm
- oil refinery
- oil rig
- oil sand
- oil shale
- oilskin
- oil slick
- oilsmoke
- oil spill
- oil stove
- oil tanker
- oil well
- oily
- olive oil
- palm kernel oil
- palm oil
- peak oil
- peppermint oil
- pine oil
- pour oil on troubled waters
- rape oil
- rapeseed oil
- rock oil
- sesame oil
- shale oil
- snake oil
- sunflower oil
- sweet oil
- tall oil
- tung oil
- valve oil
- vegetable oil
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Verb
oil (third-person singular simple present oils, present participle oiling, simple past and past participle oiled)
- (transitive) To lubricate with oil.
- 1900, L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Chapter 23:
- Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess:
- The face which emerged was not reassuring. […] . He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
- 1900, L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Chapter 23:
- (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.
Derived terms
Translations
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Irish
Noun
oil f (genitive singular oile)
- (literary) disgrace, reproach; act of reproaching
- (literary) blemish, defect
Declension
Second declension
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
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Forms with the definite article
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Etymology 2
From Old Irish ailid, oilid (“nourishes, rears, fosters”) (compare altram (“fosterage”), from a verbal noun of ailid).
Verb
oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | oilim | oileann tú; oilir† |
oileann sé, sí | oilimid | oileann sibh | oileann siad; oilid† |
a oileann; a oileas / a n-oileann*; a n-oileas* |
oiltear |
past | d'oil mé; d'oileas / oil mé‡; oileas‡ |
d'oil tú; d'oilis / oil tú; oilis‡ |
d'oil sé, sí / oil sé, sí‡ |
d'oileamar; d'oil muid / oileamar; oil muid‡ |
d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair / oil sibh; oileabhair‡ |
d'oil siad; d'oileadar / oil siad; oileadar‡ |
a d'oil / ar oil* |
oileadh; hoileadh† | |
past habitual | d'oilinn / oilinn‡ |
d'oilteá / oilteᇠ|
d'oileadh sé, sí / oileadh sé, sí‡ |
d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid / oilimis; oileadh muid‡ |
d'oileadh sibh / oileadh sibh‡ |
d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad / oilidís; oileadh siad‡ |
a d'oileadh / ar oileadh* |
d'oiltí / oiltí‡ | |
future | oilfidh mé; oilfead |
oilfidh tú; oilfir† |
oilfidh sé, sí | oilfimid; oilfidh muid |
oilfidh sibh | oilfidh siad; oilfid† |
a oilfidh; a oilfeas / a n-oilfidh*; a n-oilfeas* |
oilfear | |
conditional | d'oilfinn / oilfinn‡; n-oilfinn‡‡ | d'oilfeá / oilfeá‡; n-oilfeᇇ | d'oilfeadh sé, sí / oilfeadh sé, sí‡; n-oilfeadh sé, s퇇 | d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid / oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡; n-oilfimis‡‡; n-oilfeadh muid‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sibh / oilfeadh sibh‡; n-oilfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad / oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡; n-oilfidís‡‡; n-oilfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'oilfeadh / ar oilfeadh* |
d'oilfí / oilfí‡; n-oilf퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go n-oile mé; go n-oilead† |
go n-oile tú; go n-oilir† |
go n-oile sé, sí | go n-oilimid; go n-oile muid |
go n-oile sibh | go n-oile siad; go n-oilid† |
— | go n-oiltear |
past | dá n-oilinn | dá n-oilteá | dá n-oileadh sé, sí | dá n-oilimis; dá n-oileadh muid |
dá n-oileadh sibh | dá n-oilidís; dá n-oileadh siad |
— | dá n-oiltí | |
imperative | oilim | oil | oileadh sé, sí | oilimis | oiligí; oilidh† |
oilidís | — | oiltear | |
verbal noun | oiliúint | ||||||||
past participle | oilte |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Noun
oil f (genitive singular oileach, nominative plural oileacha)
- Alternative form of ail (“stone, rock”)
Declension
Fifth declension
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Verb
oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
- (intransitive) Alternative form of oir (“suit, fit, become”)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | oilim | oileann tú; oilir† |
oileann sé, sí | oilimid | oileann sibh | oileann siad; oilid† |
a oileann; a oileas / a n-oileann*; a n-oileas* |
oiltear |
past | d'oil mé; d'oileas / oil mé‡; oileas‡ |
d'oil tú; d'oilis / oil tú; oilis‡ |
d'oil sé, sí / oil sé, sí‡ |
d'oileamar; d'oil muid / oileamar; oil muid‡ |
d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair / oil sibh; oileabhair‡ |
d'oil siad; d'oileadar / oil siad; oileadar‡ |
a d'oil / ar oil* |
oileadh; hoileadh† | |
past habitual | d'oilinn / oilinn‡ |
d'oilteá / oilteᇠ|
d'oileadh sé, sí / oileadh sé, sí‡ |
d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid / oilimis; oileadh muid‡ |
d'oileadh sibh / oileadh sibh‡ |
d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad / oilidís; oileadh siad‡ |
a d'oileadh / ar oileadh* |
d'oiltí / oiltí‡ | |
future | oilfidh mé; oilfead |
oilfidh tú; oilfir† |
oilfidh sé, sí | oilfimid; oilfidh muid |
oilfidh sibh | oilfidh siad; oilfid† |
a oilfidh; a oilfeas / a n-oilfidh*; a n-oilfeas* |
oilfear | |
conditional | d'oilfinn / oilfinn‡; n-oilfinn‡‡ | d'oilfeá / oilfeá‡; n-oilfeᇇ | d'oilfeadh sé, sí / oilfeadh sé, sí‡; n-oilfeadh sé, s퇇 | d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid / oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡; n-oilfimis‡‡; n-oilfeadh muid‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sibh / oilfeadh sibh‡; n-oilfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad / oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡; n-oilfidís‡‡; n-oilfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'oilfeadh / ar oilfeadh* |
d'oilfí / oilfí‡; n-oilf퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go n-oile mé; go n-oilead† |
go n-oile tú; go n-oilir† |
go n-oile sé, sí | go n-oilimid; go n-oile muid |
go n-oile sibh | go n-oile siad; go n-oilid† |
— | go n-oiltear |
past | dá n-oilinn | dá n-oilteá | dá n-oileadh sé, sí | dá n-oilimis; dá n-oileadh muid |
dá n-oileadh sibh | dá n-oilidís; dá n-oileadh siad |
— | dá n-oiltí | |
imperative | oilim | oil | oileadh sé, sí | oilimis | oiligí; oilidh† |
oilidís | — | oiltear | |
verbal noun | oiliúint | ||||||||
past participle | oilte |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
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Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
oil | n-oil | hoil | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "oil" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “2 ail (‘disgrace, reproach’)” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “1 ailid (‘nourish, foster’” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Middle English
Old French
Etymology 1
A contraction of o il, from Vulgar Latin *hoc ille (“thus (he)...”),[1] or perhaps rather Latin hoc illud est, an elliptical phrase of response, by semantic erosion/grammaticalization.
Cognate to Old Occitan oc (Occitan òc), where the connection to Latin hoc is clearer.
Alternative forms
- oïl (almost always used by scholars to disambiguate with other meanings)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔˈil/
Interjection
oil
- yes
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- "Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?- Yes, I remember it well
- Seneschal, do you know anything about it?
- "Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
References
- Languages Within Language, by Ivan Fonagy, page 66
Etymology 2
See ueil.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔʎ/