hleba
Zulu
Inflection
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuhleba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuhleba | ukungahlebi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | hleba | -hlebe | |||||||
Plural | hlebani | -hlebeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyahleba, ngihleba | engihlebayo, engihleba | ngihleba | angihlebi | engingahlebi | ngingahlebi | |||
2nd singular | uyahleba, uhleba | ohlebayo, ohleba | uhleba | awuhlebi | ongahlebi | ungahlebi | |||
1st plural | siyahleba, sihleba | esihlebayo, esihleba | sihleba | asihlebi | esingahlebi | singahlebi | |||
2nd plural | niyahleba, nihleba | enihlebayo, enihleba | nihleba | anihlebi | eningahlebi | ningahlebi | |||
Class 1 | uyahleba, uhleba | ohlebayo, ohleba | ehleba | akahlebi | ongahlebi | engahlebi | |||
Class 2 | bayahleba, bahleba | abahlebayo, abahleba | behleba | abahlebi | abangahlebi | bengahlebi | |||
Class 3 | uyahleba, uhleba | ohlebayo, ohleba | uhleba | awuhlebi | ongahlebi | ungahlebi | |||
Class 4 | iyahleba, ihleba | ehlebayo, ehleba | ihleba | ayihlebi | engahlebi | ingahlebi | |||
Class 5 | liyahleba, lihleba | elihlebayo, elihleba | lihleba | alihlebi | elingahlebi | lingahlebi | |||
Class 6 | ayahleba, ahleba | ahlebayo, ahleba | ehleba | awahlebi | angahlebi | engahlebi | |||
Class 7 | siyahleba, sihleba | esihlebayo, esihleba | sihleba | asihlebi | esingahlebi | singahlebi | |||
Class 8 | ziyahleba, zihleba | ezihlebayo, ezihleba | zihleba | azihlebi | ezingahlebi | zingahlebi | |||
Class 9 | iyahleba, ihleba | ehlebayo, ehleba | ihleba | ayihlebi | engahlebi | ingahlebi | |||
Class 10 | ziyahleba, zihleba | ezihlebayo, ezihleba | zihleba | azihlebi | ezingahlebi | zingahlebi | |||
Class 11 | luyahleba, luhleba | oluhlebayo, oluhleba | luhleba | aluhlebi | olungahlebi | lungahlebi | |||
Class 14 | buyahleba, buhleba | obuhlebayo, obuhleba | buhleba | abuhlebi | obungahlebi | bungahlebi | |||
Class 15 | kuyahleba, kuhleba | okuhlebayo, okuhleba | kuhleba | akuhlebi | okungahlebi | kungahlebi | |||
Class 17 | kuyahleba, kuhleba | okuhlebayo, okuhleba | kuhleba | akuhlebi | okungahlebi | kungahlebi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngihlebile, ngihlebē | engihlebile, engihlebē | ngihlebile, ngihlebē | angihlebanga | engingahlebanga | ngingahlebanga | |||
2nd singular | uhlebile, uhlebē | ohlebile, ohlebē | uhlebile, uhlebē | awuhlebanga | ongahlebanga | ungahlebanga | |||
1st plural | sihlebile, sihlebē | esihlebile, esihlebē | sihlebile, sihlebē | asihlebanga | esingahlebanga | singahlebanga | |||
2nd plural | nihlebile, nihlebē | enihlebile, enihlebē | nihlebile, nihlebē | anihlebanga | eningahlebanga | ningahlebanga | |||
Class 1 | uhlebile, uhlebē | ohlebile, ohlebē | ehlebile, ehlebē | akahlebanga | ongahlebanga | engahlebanga | |||
Class 2 | bahlebile, bahlebē | abahlebile, abahlebē | behlebile, behlebē | abahlebanga | abangahlebanga | bengahlebanga | |||
Class 3 | uhlebile, uhlebē | ohlebile, ohlebē | uhlebile, uhlebē | awuhlebanga | ongahlebanga | ungahlebanga | |||
Class 4 | ihlebile, ihlebē | ehlebile, ehlebē | ihlebile, ihlebē | ayihlebanga | engahlebanga | ingahlebanga | |||
Class 5 | lihlebile, lihlebē | elihlebile, elihlebē | lihlebile, lihlebē | alihlebanga | elingahlebanga | lingahlebanga | |||
Class 6 | ahlebile, ahlebē | ahlebile, ahlebē | ehlebile, ehlebē | awahlebanga | angahlebanga | engahlebanga | |||
Class 7 | sihlebile, sihlebē | esihlebile, esihlebē | sihlebile, sihlebē | asihlebanga | esingahlebanga | singahlebanga | |||
Class 8 | zihlebile, zihlebē | ezihlebile, ezihlebē | zihlebile, zihlebē | azihlebanga | ezingahlebanga | zingahlebanga | |||
Class 9 | ihlebile, ihlebē | ehlebile, ehlebē | ihlebile, ihlebē | ayihlebanga | engahlebanga | ingahlebanga | |||
Class 10 | zihlebile, zihlebē | ezihlebile, ezihlebē | zihlebile, zihlebē | azihlebanga | ezingahlebanga | zingahlebanga | |||
Class 11 | luhlebile, luhlebē | oluhlebile, oluhlebē | luhlebile, luhlebē | aluhlebanga | olungahlebanga | lungahlebanga | |||
Class 14 | buhlebile, buhlebē | obuhlebile, obuhlebē | buhlebile, buhlebē | abuhlebanga | obungahlebanga | bungahlebanga | |||
Class 15 | kuhlebile, kuhlebē | okuhlebile, okuhlebē | kuhlebile, kuhlebē | akuhlebanga | okungahlebanga | kungahlebanga | |||
Class 17 | kuhlebile, kuhlebē | okuhlebile, okuhlebē | kuhlebile, kuhlebē | akuhlebanga | okungahlebanga | kungahlebanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāhleba | engāhleba | ngāhleba | angihlebanga | engingahlebanga | ngingahlebanga | |||
2nd singular | wāhleba | owāhleba | wāhleba | awuhlebanga | ongahlebanga | ungahlebanga | |||
1st plural | sāhleba | esāhleba | sāhleba | asihlebanga | esingahlebanga | singahlebanga | |||
2nd plural | nāhleba | enāhleba | nāhleba | anihlebanga | eningahlebanga | ningahlebanga | |||
Class 1 | wāhleba | owāhleba | āhleba | akahlebanga | ongahlebanga | engahlebanga | |||
Class 2 | bāhleba | abāhleba | bāhleba | abahlebanga | abangahlebanga | bengahlebanga | |||
Class 3 | wāhleba | owāhleba | wāhleba | awuhlebanga | ongahlebanga | ungahlebanga | |||
Class 4 | yāhleba | eyāhleba | yāhleba | ayihlebanga | engahlebanga | ingahlebanga | |||
Class 5 | lāhleba | elāhleba | lāhleba | alihlebanga | elingahlebanga | lingahlebanga | |||
Class 6 | āhleba | āhleba | āhleba | awahlebanga | angahlebanga | engahlebanga | |||
Class 7 | sāhleba | esāhleba | sāhleba | asihlebanga | esingahlebanga | singahlebanga | |||
Class 8 | zāhleba | ezāhleba | zāhleba | azihlebanga | ezingahlebanga | zingahlebanga | |||
Class 9 | yāhleba | eyāhleba | yāhleba | ayihlebanga | engahlebanga | ingahlebanga | |||
Class 10 | zāhleba | ezāhleba | zāhleba | azihlebanga | ezingahlebanga | zingahlebanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāhleba | olwāhleba | lwāhleba | aluhlebanga | olungahlebanga | lungahlebanga | |||
Class 14 | bāhleba | obāhleba | bāhleba | abuhlebanga | obungahlebanga | bungahlebanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāhleba | okwāhleba | kwāhleba | akuhlebanga | okungahlebanga | kungahlebanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāhleba | okwāhleba | kwāhleba | akuhlebanga | okungahlebanga | kungahlebanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingahleba | — | ngingahleba | ngingehlebe | — | ngingehlebe | |||
2nd singular | ungahleba | — | ungahleba | ungehlebe | — | ungehlebe | |||
1st plural | singahleba | — | singahleba | singehlebe | — | singehlebe | |||
2nd plural | ningahleba | — | ningahleba | ningehlebe | — | ningehlebe | |||
Class 1 | angahleba | — | engahleba | angehlebe | — | engehlebe | |||
Class 2 | bangahleba | — | bengahleba | bangehlebe | — | bengehlebe | |||
Class 3 | ungahleba | — | ungahleba | ungehlebe | — | ungehlebe | |||
Class 4 | ingahleba | — | ingahleba | ingehlebe | — | ingehlebe | |||
Class 5 | lingahleba | — | lingahleba | lingehlebe | — | lingehlebe | |||
Class 6 | angahleba | — | engahleba | angehlebe | — | engehlebe | |||
Class 7 | singahleba | — | singahleba | singehlebe | — | singehlebe | |||
Class 8 | zingahleba | — | zingahleba | zingehlebe | — | zingehlebe | |||
Class 9 | ingahleba | — | ingahleba | ingehlebe | — | ingehlebe | |||
Class 10 | zingahleba | — | zingahleba | zingehlebe | — | zingehlebe | |||
Class 11 | lungahleba | — | lungahleba | lungehlebe | — | lungehlebe | |||
Class 14 | bungahleba | — | bungahleba | bungehlebe | — | bungehlebe | |||
Class 15 | kungahleba | — | kungahleba | kungehlebe | — | kungehlebe | |||
Class 17 | kungahleba | — | kungahleba | kungehlebe | — | kungehlebe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizohleba | engizohleba | ngizohleba | angizuhleba | — | ngingezuhleba | |||
2nd singular | uzohleba | ozohleba | uzohleba | awuzuhleba | — | ungezuhleba | |||
1st plural | sizohleba | esizohleba | sizohleba | asizuhleba | — | singezuhleba | |||
2nd plural | nizohleba | enizohleba | nizohleba | anizuhleba | — | ningezuhleba | |||
Class 1 | uzohleba | ozohleba | ezohleba | akazuhleba | — | engezuhleba | |||
Class 2 | bazohleba | abazohleba | bezohleba | abazuhleba | — | bengezuhleba | |||
Class 3 | uzohleba | ozohleba | uzohleba | awuzuhleba | — | ungezuhleba | |||
Class 4 | izohleba | ezohleba | izohleba | ayizuhleba | — | ingezuhleba | |||
Class 5 | lizohleba | elizohleba | lizohleba | alizuhleba | — | lingezuhleba | |||
Class 6 | azohleba | azohleba | ezohleba | awazuhleba | — | engezuhleba | |||
Class 7 | sizohleba | esizohleba | sizohleba | asizuhleba | — | singezuhleba | |||
Class 8 | zizohleba | ezizohleba | zizohleba | azizuhleba | — | zingezuhleba | |||
Class 9 | izohleba | ezohleba | izohleba | ayizuhleba | — | ingezuhleba | |||
Class 10 | zizohleba | ezizohleba | zizohleba | azizuhleba | — | zingezuhleba | |||
Class 11 | luzohleba | oluzohleba | luzohleba | aluzuhleba | — | lungezuhleba | |||
Class 14 | buzohleba | obuzohleba | buzohleba | abuzuhleba | — | bungezuhleba | |||
Class 15 | kuzohleba | okuzohleba | kuzohleba | akuzuhleba | — | kungezuhleba | |||
Class 17 | kuzohleba | okuzohleba | kuzohleba | akuzuhleba | — | kungezuhleba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyohleba | engiyohleba | ngiyohleba | angiyuhleba | — | ngingeyuhleba | |||
2nd singular | uyohleba | oyohleba | uyohleba | awuyuhleba | — | ungeyuhleba | |||
1st plural | siyohleba | esiyohleba | siyohleba | asiyuhleba | — | singeyuhleba | |||
2nd plural | niyohleba | eniyohleba | niyohleba | aniyuhleba | — | ningeyuhleba | |||
Class 1 | uyohleba | oyohleba | eyohleba | akayuhleba | — | engeyuhleba | |||
Class 2 | bayohleba | abayohleba | beyohleba | abayuhleba | — | bengeyuhleba | |||
Class 3 | uyohleba | oyohleba | uyohleba | awuyuhleba | — | ungeyuhleba | |||
Class 4 | iyohleba | eyohleba | iyohleba | ayiyuhleba | — | ingeyuhleba | |||
Class 5 | liyohleba | eliyohleba | liyohleba | aliyuhleba | — | lingeyuhleba | |||
Class 6 | ayohleba | ayohleba | eyohleba | awayuhleba | — | engeyuhleba | |||
Class 7 | siyohleba | esiyohleba | siyohleba | asiyuhleba | — | singeyuhleba | |||
Class 8 | ziyohleba | eziyohleba | ziyohleba | aziyuhleba | — | zingeyuhleba | |||
Class 9 | iyohleba | eyohleba | iyohleba | ayiyuhleba | — | ingeyuhleba | |||
Class 10 | ziyohleba | eziyohleba | ziyohleba | aziyuhleba | — | zingeyuhleba | |||
Class 11 | luyohleba | oluyohleba | luyohleba | aluyuhleba | — | lungeyuhleba | |||
Class 14 | buyohleba | obuyohleba | buyohleba | abuyuhleba | — | bungeyuhleba | |||
Class 15 | kuyohleba | okuyohleba | kuyohleba | akuyuhleba | — | kungeyuhleba | |||
Class 17 | kuyohleba | okuyohleba | kuyohleba | akuyuhleba | — | kungeyuhleba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngihlebe | ngingahlebi | |||||||
2nd singular | uhlebe | ungahlebi | |||||||
1st plural | sihlebe | singahlebi | |||||||
2nd plural | nihlebe | ningahlebi | |||||||
Class 1 | ahlebe | angahlebi | |||||||
Class 2 | bahlebe | bangahlebi | |||||||
Class 3 | uhlebe | ungahlebi | |||||||
Class 4 | ihlebe | ingahlebi | |||||||
Class 5 | lihlebe | lingahlebi | |||||||
Class 6 | ahlebe | angahlebi | |||||||
Class 7 | sihlebe | singahlebi | |||||||
Class 8 | zihlebe | zingahlebi | |||||||
Class 9 | ihlebe | ingahlebi | |||||||
Class 10 | zihlebe | zingahlebi | |||||||
Class 11 | luhlebe | lungahlebi | |||||||
Class 14 | buhlebe | bungahlebi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuhlebe | kungahlebi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuhlebe | kungahlebi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngahleba | ngangahleba, angahleba, angangahleba | |||||||
2nd singular | wahleba | wangahleba, awahleba, awangahleba | |||||||
1st plural | sahleba | sangahleba, asahleba, asangahleba | |||||||
2nd plural | nahleba | nangahleba, anahleba, anangahleba | |||||||
Class 1 | wahleba | wangahleba, akahleba, akangahleba | |||||||
Class 2 | bahleba | bangahleba, abahleba, abangahleba | |||||||
Class 3 | wahleba | wangahleba, awahleba, awangahleba | |||||||
Class 4 | yahleba | yangahleba, ayahleba, ayangahleba | |||||||
Class 5 | lahleba | langahleba, alahleba, alangahleba | |||||||
Class 6 | ahleba | angahleba, awahleba, awangahleba | |||||||
Class 7 | sahleba | sangahleba, asahleba, asangahleba | |||||||
Class 8 | zahleba | zangahleba, azahleba, azangahleba | |||||||
Class 9 | yahleba | yangahleba, ayahleba, ayangahleba | |||||||
Class 10 | zahleba | zangahleba, azahleba, azangahleba | |||||||
Class 11 | lwahleba | lwangahleba, alwahleba, alwangahleba | |||||||
Class 14 | bahleba | bangahleba, abahleba, abangahleba | |||||||
Class 15 | kwahleba | kwangahleba, akwahleba, akwangahleba | |||||||
Class 17 | kwahleba | kwangahleba, akwahleba, akwangahleba |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “hleɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hleɓa (3.9)”
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