imprégner
French
Etymology
From Latin impraegnāre, present active infinitive of impraegnō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲe/
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written imprégner-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written imprègner-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
present participle | imprégnant /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | imprégné /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲe/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | imprégner | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | imprégnant /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | imprègne /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprègnes /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprègne /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprégnons /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɔ̃/ |
imprégnez /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲe/ |
imprègnent /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imperfect | imprégnais /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɛ/ |
imprégnais /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɛ/ |
imprégnait /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɛ/ |
imprégnions /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
imprégniez /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲje/ |
imprégnaient /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɛ/ | |
past historic2 | imprégnai /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲe/ |
imprégnas /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲa/ |
imprégna /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲa/ |
imprégnâmes /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲam/ |
imprégnâtes /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲat/ |
imprégnèrent /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɛʁ/ | |
future | imprègnerai or imprégnerai /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁe/ |
imprègneras or imprégneras /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁa/ |
imprègnera or imprégnera /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁa/ |
imprègnerons or imprégnerons /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɔ̃/ |
imprègnerez or imprégnerez /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁe/ |
imprègneront or imprégneront /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | imprègnerais or imprégnerais /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɛ/ |
imprègnerais or imprégnerais /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɛ/ |
imprègnerait or imprégnerait /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɛ/ |
imprègnerions or imprégnerions /ɛ̃.pʁɛ.ɲə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
imprègneriez or imprégneriez /ɛ̃.pʁɛ.ɲə.ʁje/ |
imprègneraient or imprégneraient /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | imprègne /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprègnes /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprègne /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imprégnions /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
imprégniez /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲje/ |
imprègnent /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
imperfect2 | imprégnasse /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲas/ |
imprégnasses /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲas/ |
imprégnât /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲa/ |
imprégnassions /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲa.sjɔ̃/ |
imprégnassiez /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲa.sje/ |
imprégnassent /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | imprègne /ɛ̃.pʁɛɲ/ |
— | imprégnons /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲɔ̃/ |
imprégnez /ɛ̃.pʁe.ɲe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “imprégner” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).