kaivaa
Finnish
(index ka)
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kaivadak, from Proto-Uralic *kajwa-.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: kai‧vaa
Verb
kaivaa
- (transitive) to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate
- kaivaa ruumis esiin = to exhume a body
- kaivaa nenäänsä = to pick one's nose
Conjugation
| Inflection of kaivaa (Kotus type 56/kaivaa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kaivan | en kaiva | 1st sing. | olen kaivanut | en ole kaivanut | |
| 2nd sing. | kaivat | et kaiva | 2nd sing. | olet kaivanut | et ole kaivanut | |
| 3rd sing. | kaivaa | ei kaiva | 3rd sing. | on kaivanut | ei ole kaivanut | |
| 1st plur. | kaivamme | emme kaiva | 1st plur. | olemme kaivaneet | emme ole kaivaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kaivatte | ette kaiva | 2nd plur. | olette kaivaneet | ette ole kaivaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kaivavat | eivät kaiva | 3rd plur. | ovat kaivaneet | eivät ole kaivaneet | |
| passive | kaivetaan | ei kaiveta | passive | on kaivettu | ei ole kaivettu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kaivoin | en kaivanut | 1st sing. | olin kaivanut | en ollut kaivanut | |
| 2nd sing. | kaivoit | et kaivanut | 2nd sing. | olit kaivanut | et ollut kaivanut | |
| 3rd sing. | kaivoi | ei kaivanut | 3rd sing. | oli kaivanut | ei ollut kaivanut | |
| 1st plur. | kaivoimme | emme kaivaneet | 1st plur. | olimme kaivaneet | emme olleet kaivaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kaivoitte | ette kaivaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaivaneet | ette olleet kaivaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kaivoivat | eivät kaivaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaivaneet | eivät olleet kaivaneet | |
| passive | kaivettiin | ei kaivettu | passive | oli kaivettu | ei ollut kaivettu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kaivaisin | en kaivaisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaivanut | en olisi kaivanut | |
| 2nd sing. | kaivaisit | et kaivaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaivanut | et olisi kaivanut | |
| 3rd sing. | kaivaisi | ei kaivaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaivanut | ei olisi kaivanut | |
| 1st plur. | kaivaisimme | emme kaivaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaivaneet | emme olisi kaivaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kaivaisitte | ette kaivaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaivaneet | ette olisi kaivaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kaivaisivat | eivät kaivaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaivaneet | eivät olisi kaivaneet | |
| passive | kaivettaisiin | ei kaivettaisi | passive | olisi kaivettu | ei olisi kaivettu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | kaiva | älä kaiva | 2nd sing. | ole kaivanut | älä ole kaivanut | |
| 3rd sing. | kaivakoon | älköön kaivako | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaivanut | älköön olko kaivanut | |
| 1st plur. | kaivakaamme | älkäämme kaivako | 1st plur. | olkaamme kaivaneet | älkäämme olko kaivaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kaivakaa | älkää kaivako | 2nd plur. | olkaa kaivaneet | älkää olko kaivaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kaivakoot | älkööt kaivako | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaivaneet | älkööt olko kaivaneet | |
| passive | kaivettakoon | älköön kaivettako | passive | olkoon kaivettu | älköön olko kaivettu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kaivanen | en kaivane | 1st sing. | lienen kaivanut | en liene kaivanut | |
| 2nd sing. | kaivanet | et kaivane | 2nd sing. | lienet kaivanut | et liene kaivanut | |
| 3rd sing. | kaivanee | ei kaivane | 3rd sing. | lienee kaivanut | ei liene kaivanut | |
| 1st plur. | kaivanemme | emme kaivane | 1st plur. | lienemme kaivaneet | emme liene kaivaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kaivanette | ette kaivane | 2nd plur. | lienette kaivaneet | ette liene kaivaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kaivanevat | eivät kaivane | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaivaneet | eivät liene kaivaneet | |
| passive | kaivettaneen | ei kaivettane | passive | lienee kaivettu | ei liene kaivettu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | kaivaa | present | kaivava | kaivettava | ||
| long 1st2 | kaivaakseen | past | kaivanut | kaivettu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | kaivaessa | kaivettaessa | agent1, 3 | kaivama | |
| instructive | kaivaen | — | negative | kaivamaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | kaivamassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | kaivamasta | — | ||||
| illative | kaivamaan | — | ||||
| adessive | kaivamalla | — | ||||
| abessive | kaivamatta | — | ||||
| instructive | kaivaman | kaivettaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | kaivaminen | ||||
| partitive | kaivamista | |||||
| 5th2 | kaivamaisillaan | |||||
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