kalju
See also: Kalju
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hallijǭ. Compare Swedish häll and Old Norse hella. Cognate to Finnish kallio.
Declension
Inflection of kalju (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kalju | kaljud |
| accusative | kalju | kaljud |
| genitive | kalju | kaljude |
| partitive | kaljut | kaljusid |
| illative | kalju kaljusse |
kaljudesse |
| inessive | kaljus | kaljudes |
| elative | kaljust | kaljudest |
| allative | kaljule | kaljudele |
| adessive | kaljul | kaljudel |
| ablative | kaljult | kaljudelt |
| translative | kaljuks | kaljudeks |
| terminative | kaljuni | kaljudeni |
| essive | kaljuna | kaljudena |
| abessive | kaljuta | kaljudeta |
| comitative | kaljuga | kaljudega |
Finnish
Etymology
A derivative from a root √kalja- (compare kaljama), of either Germanic (compare Old High German hāli (“smooth, slippery”)) or Baltic origin (compare Lithuanian gàle (“thin layer of ice”)). An identical derivative in Karelian has the meaning "skull".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɑlju]
- Rhymes: -ɑlju
- Hyphenation: kal‧ju
Adjective
kalju (comparative kaljumpi, superlative kaljuin)
Declension
| Inflection of kalju (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kalju | kaljut | |
| genitive | kaljun | kaljujen | |
| partitive | kaljua | kaljuja | |
| illative | kaljuun | kaljuihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kalju | kaljut | |
| accusative | nom. | kalju | kaljut |
| gen. | kaljun | ||
| genitive | kaljun | kaljujen | |
| partitive | kaljua | kaljuja | |
| inessive | kaljussa | kaljuissa | |
| elative | kaljusta | kaljuista | |
| illative | kaljuun | kaljuihin | |
| adessive | kaljulla | kaljuilla | |
| ablative | kaljulta | kaljuilta | |
| allative | kaljulle | kaljuille | |
| essive | kaljuna | kaljuina | |
| translative | kaljuksi | kaljuiksi | |
| instructive | — | kaljuin | |
| abessive | kaljutta | kaljuitta | |
| comitative | — | kaljuine | |
Compounds
- kaljupäisyys
- kaljupää
- pälvikalju
Declension
| Inflection of kalju (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kalju | kaljut | |
| genitive | kaljun | kaljujen | |
| partitive | kaljua | kaljuja | |
| illative | kaljuun | kaljuihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kalju | kaljut | |
| accusative | nom. | kalju | kaljut |
| gen. | kaljun | ||
| genitive | kaljun | kaljujen | |
| partitive | kaljua | kaljuja | |
| inessive | kaljussa | kaljuissa | |
| elative | kaljusta | kaljuista | |
| illative | kaljuun | kaljuihin | |
| adessive | kaljulla | kaljuilla | |
| ablative | kaljulta | kaljuilta | |
| allative | kaljulle | kaljuille | |
| essive | kaljuna | kaljuina | |
| translative | kaljuksi | kaljuiksi | |
| instructive | — | kaljuin | |
| abessive | kaljutta | kaljuitta | |
| comitative | — | kaljuineen | |
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