lalwa
Zulu
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukulalwa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukulalwa | ukungalalwa | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | lalwa | -lalwe | |||||||
Plural | lalwani | -lalweni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyalalwa, ngilalwa | engilalwayo, engilalwa | ngilalwa | angilalwa | engingalalwa | ngingalalwa | |||
2nd singular | uyalalwa, ulalwa | olalwayo, olalwa | ulalwa | awulalwa | ongalalwa | ungalalwa | |||
1st plural | siyalalwa, silalwa | esilalwayo, esilalwa | silalwa | asilalwa | esingalalwa | singalalwa | |||
2nd plural | niyalalwa, nilalwa | enilalwayo, enilalwa | nilalwa | anilalwa | eningalalwa | ningalalwa | |||
Class 1 | uyalalwa, ulalwa | olalwayo, olalwa | elalwa | akalalwa | ongalalwa | engalalwa | |||
Class 2 | bayalalwa, balalwa | abalalwayo, abalalwa | belalwa | abalalwa | abangalalwa | bengalalwa | |||
Class 3 | uyalalwa, ulalwa | olalwayo, olalwa | ulalwa | awulalwa | ongalalwa | ungalalwa | |||
Class 4 | iyalalwa, ilalwa | elalwayo, elalwa | ilalwa | ayilalwa | engalalwa | ingalalwa | |||
Class 5 | liyalalwa, lilalwa | elilalwayo, elilalwa | lilalwa | alilalwa | elingalalwa | lingalalwa | |||
Class 6 | ayalalwa, alalwa | alalwayo, alalwa | elalwa | awalalwa | angalalwa | engalalwa | |||
Class 7 | siyalalwa, silalwa | esilalwayo, esilalwa | silalwa | asilalwa | esingalalwa | singalalwa | |||
Class 8 | ziyalalwa, zilalwa | ezilalwayo, ezilalwa | zilalwa | azilalwa | ezingalalwa | zingalalwa | |||
Class 9 | iyalalwa, ilalwa | elalwayo, elalwa | ilalwa | ayilalwa | engalalwa | ingalalwa | |||
Class 10 | ziyalalwa, zilalwa | ezilalwayo, ezilalwa | zilalwa | azilalwa | ezingalalwa | zingalalwa | |||
Class 11 | luyalalwa, lulalwa | olulalwayo, olulalwa | lulalwa | alulalwa | olungalalwa | lungalalwa | |||
Class 14 | buyalalwa, bulalwa | obulalwayo, obulalwa | bulalwa | abulalwa | obungalalwa | bungalalwa | |||
Class 15 | kuyalalwa, kulalwa | okulalwayo, okulalwa | kulalwa | akulalwa | okungalalwa | kungalalwa | |||
Class 17 | kuyalalwa, kulalwa | okulalwayo, okulalwa | kulalwa | akulalwa | okungalalwa | kungalalwa | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngilaliwe, ngilalwē | engilaliwe, engilalwē | ngilaliwe, ngilalwē | angilalwanga | engingalalwanga | ngingalalwanga | |||
2nd singular | ulaliwe, ulalwē | olaliwe, olalwē | ulaliwe, ulalwē | awulalwanga | ongalalwanga | ungalalwanga | |||
1st plural | silaliwe, silalwē | esilaliwe, esilalwē | silaliwe, silalwē | asilalwanga | esingalalwanga | singalalwanga | |||
2nd plural | nilaliwe, nilalwē | enilaliwe, enilalwē | nilaliwe, nilalwē | anilalwanga | eningalalwanga | ningalalwanga | |||
Class 1 | ulaliwe, ulalwē | olaliwe, olalwē | elaliwe, elalwē | akalalwanga | ongalalwanga | engalalwanga | |||
Class 2 | balaliwe, balalwē | abalaliwe, abalalwē | belaliwe, belalwē | abalalwanga | abangalalwanga | bengalalwanga | |||
Class 3 | ulaliwe, ulalwē | olaliwe, olalwē | ulaliwe, ulalwē | awulalwanga | ongalalwanga | ungalalwanga | |||
Class 4 | ilaliwe, ilalwē | elaliwe, elalwē | ilaliwe, ilalwē | ayilalwanga | engalalwanga | ingalalwanga | |||
Class 5 | lilaliwe, lilalwē | elilaliwe, elilalwē | lilaliwe, lilalwē | alilalwanga | elingalalwanga | lingalalwanga | |||
Class 6 | alaliwe, alalwē | alaliwe, alalwē | elaliwe, elalwē | awalalwanga | angalalwanga | engalalwanga | |||
Class 7 | silaliwe, silalwē | esilaliwe, esilalwē | silaliwe, silalwē | asilalwanga | esingalalwanga | singalalwanga | |||
Class 8 | zilaliwe, zilalwē | ezilaliwe, ezilalwē | zilaliwe, zilalwē | azilalwanga | ezingalalwanga | zingalalwanga | |||
Class 9 | ilaliwe, ilalwē | elaliwe, elalwē | ilaliwe, ilalwē | ayilalwanga | engalalwanga | ingalalwanga | |||
Class 10 | zilaliwe, zilalwē | ezilaliwe, ezilalwē | zilaliwe, zilalwē | azilalwanga | ezingalalwanga | zingalalwanga | |||
Class 11 | lulaliwe, lulalwē | olulaliwe, olulalwē | lulaliwe, lulalwē | alulalwanga | olungalalwanga | lungalalwanga | |||
Class 14 | bulaliwe, bulalwē | obulaliwe, obulalwē | bulaliwe, bulalwē | abulalwanga | obungalalwanga | bungalalwanga | |||
Class 15 | kulaliwe, kulalwē | okulaliwe, okulalwē | kulaliwe, kulalwē | akulalwanga | okungalalwanga | kungalalwanga | |||
Class 17 | kulaliwe, kulalwē | okulaliwe, okulalwē | kulaliwe, kulalwē | akulalwanga | okungalalwanga | kungalalwanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngālalwa | engālalwa | ngālalwa | angilalwanga | engingalalwanga | ngingalalwanga | |||
2nd singular | wālalwa | owālalwa | wālalwa | awulalwanga | ongalalwanga | ungalalwanga | |||
1st plural | sālalwa | esālalwa | sālalwa | asilalwanga | esingalalwanga | singalalwanga | |||
2nd plural | nālalwa | enālalwa | nālalwa | anilalwanga | eningalalwanga | ningalalwanga | |||
Class 1 | wālalwa | owālalwa | ālalwa | akalalwanga | ongalalwanga | engalalwanga | |||
Class 2 | bālalwa | abālalwa | bālalwa | abalalwanga | abangalalwanga | bengalalwanga | |||
Class 3 | wālalwa | owālalwa | wālalwa | awulalwanga | ongalalwanga | ungalalwanga | |||
Class 4 | yālalwa | eyālalwa | yālalwa | ayilalwanga | engalalwanga | ingalalwanga | |||
Class 5 | lālalwa | elālalwa | lālalwa | alilalwanga | elingalalwanga | lingalalwanga | |||
Class 6 | ālalwa | ālalwa | ālalwa | awalalwanga | angalalwanga | engalalwanga | |||
Class 7 | sālalwa | esālalwa | sālalwa | asilalwanga | esingalalwanga | singalalwanga | |||
Class 8 | zālalwa | ezālalwa | zālalwa | azilalwanga | ezingalalwanga | zingalalwanga | |||
Class 9 | yālalwa | eyālalwa | yālalwa | ayilalwanga | engalalwanga | ingalalwanga | |||
Class 10 | zālalwa | ezālalwa | zālalwa | azilalwanga | ezingalalwanga | zingalalwanga | |||
Class 11 | lwālalwa | olwālalwa | lwālalwa | alulalwanga | olungalalwanga | lungalalwanga | |||
Class 14 | bālalwa | obālalwa | bālalwa | abulalwanga | obungalalwanga | bungalalwanga | |||
Class 15 | kwālalwa | okwālalwa | kwālalwa | akulalwanga | okungalalwanga | kungalalwanga | |||
Class 17 | kwālalwa | okwālalwa | kwālalwa | akulalwanga | okungalalwanga | kungalalwanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingalalwa | — | ngingalalwa | ngingelalwe | — | ngingelalwe | |||
2nd singular | ungalalwa | — | ungalalwa | ungelalwe | — | ungelalwe | |||
1st plural | singalalwa | — | singalalwa | singelalwe | — | singelalwe | |||
2nd plural | ningalalwa | — | ningalalwa | ningelalwe | — | ningelalwe | |||
Class 1 | angalalwa | — | engalalwa | angelalwe | — | engelalwe | |||
Class 2 | bangalalwa | — | bengalalwa | bangelalwe | — | bengelalwe | |||
Class 3 | ungalalwa | — | ungalalwa | ungelalwe | — | ungelalwe | |||
Class 4 | ingalalwa | — | ingalalwa | ingelalwe | — | ingelalwe | |||
Class 5 | lingalalwa | — | lingalalwa | lingelalwe | — | lingelalwe | |||
Class 6 | angalalwa | — | engalalwa | angelalwe | — | engelalwe | |||
Class 7 | singalalwa | — | singalalwa | singelalwe | — | singelalwe | |||
Class 8 | zingalalwa | — | zingalalwa | zingelalwe | — | zingelalwe | |||
Class 9 | ingalalwa | — | ingalalwa | ingelalwe | — | ingelalwe | |||
Class 10 | zingalalwa | — | zingalalwa | zingelalwe | — | zingelalwe | |||
Class 11 | lungalalwa | — | lungalalwa | lungelalwe | — | lungelalwe | |||
Class 14 | bungalalwa | — | bungalalwa | bungelalwe | — | bungelalwe | |||
Class 15 | kungalalwa | — | kungalalwa | kungelalwe | — | kungelalwe | |||
Class 17 | kungalalwa | — | kungalalwa | kungelalwe | — | kungelalwe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizolalwa | engizolalwa | ngizolalwa | angizulalwa | engingezulalwa | ngingezulalwa | |||
2nd singular | uzolalwa | ozolalwa | uzolalwa | awuzulalwa | ongezulalwa | ungezulalwa | |||
1st plural | sizolalwa | esizolalwa | sizolalwa | asizulalwa | esingezulalwa | singezulalwa | |||
2nd plural | nizolalwa | enizolalwa | nizolalwa | anizulalwa | eningezulalwa | ningezulalwa | |||
Class 1 | uzolalwa | ozolalwa | ezolalwa | akazulalwa | ongezulalwa | engezulalwa | |||
Class 2 | bazolalwa | abazolalwa | bezolalwa | abazulalwa | abangezulalwa | bengezulalwa | |||
Class 3 | uzolalwa | ozolalwa | uzolalwa | awuzulalwa | ongezulalwa | ungezulalwa | |||
Class 4 | izolalwa | ezolalwa | izolalwa | ayizulalwa | engezulalwa | ingezulalwa | |||
Class 5 | lizolalwa | elizolalwa | lizolalwa | alizulalwa | elingezulalwa | lingezulalwa | |||
Class 6 | azolalwa | azolalwa | ezolalwa | awazulalwa | angezulalwa | engezulalwa | |||
Class 7 | sizolalwa | esizolalwa | sizolalwa | asizulalwa | esingezulalwa | singezulalwa | |||
Class 8 | zizolalwa | ezizolalwa | zizolalwa | azizulalwa | ezingezulalwa | zingezulalwa | |||
Class 9 | izolalwa | ezolalwa | izolalwa | ayizulalwa | engezulalwa | ingezulalwa | |||
Class 10 | zizolalwa | ezizolalwa | zizolalwa | azizulalwa | ezingezulalwa | zingezulalwa | |||
Class 11 | luzolalwa | oluzolalwa | luzolalwa | aluzulalwa | olungezulalwa | lungezulalwa | |||
Class 14 | buzolalwa | obuzolalwa | buzolalwa | abuzulalwa | obungezulalwa | bungezulalwa | |||
Class 15 | kuzolalwa | okuzolalwa | kuzolalwa | akuzulalwa | okungezulalwa | kungezulalwa | |||
Class 17 | kuzolalwa | okuzolalwa | kuzolalwa | akuzulalwa | okungezulalwa | kungezulalwa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyolalwa | engiyolalwa | ngiyolalwa | angiyulalwa | engingeyulalwa | ngingeyulalwa | |||
2nd singular | uyolalwa | oyolalwa | uyolalwa | awuyulalwa | ongeyulalwa | ungeyulalwa | |||
1st plural | siyolalwa | esiyolalwa | siyolalwa | asiyulalwa | esingeyulalwa | singeyulalwa | |||
2nd plural | niyolalwa | eniyolalwa | niyolalwa | aniyulalwa | eningeyulalwa | ningeyulalwa | |||
Class 1 | uyolalwa | oyolalwa | eyolalwa | akayulalwa | ongeyulalwa | engeyulalwa | |||
Class 2 | bayolalwa | abayolalwa | beyolalwa | abayulalwa | abangeyulalwa | bengeyulalwa | |||
Class 3 | uyolalwa | oyolalwa | uyolalwa | awuyulalwa | ongeyulalwa | ungeyulalwa | |||
Class 4 | iyolalwa | eyolalwa | iyolalwa | ayiyulalwa | engeyulalwa | ingeyulalwa | |||
Class 5 | liyolalwa | eliyolalwa | liyolalwa | aliyulalwa | elingeyulalwa | lingeyulalwa | |||
Class 6 | ayolalwa | ayolalwa | eyolalwa | awayulalwa | angeyulalwa | engeyulalwa | |||
Class 7 | siyolalwa | esiyolalwa | siyolalwa | asiyulalwa | esingeyulalwa | singeyulalwa | |||
Class 8 | ziyolalwa | eziyolalwa | ziyolalwa | aziyulalwa | ezingeyulalwa | zingeyulalwa | |||
Class 9 | iyolalwa | eyolalwa | iyolalwa | ayiyulalwa | engeyulalwa | ingeyulalwa | |||
Class 10 | ziyolalwa | eziyolalwa | ziyolalwa | aziyulalwa | ezingeyulalwa | zingeyulalwa | |||
Class 11 | luyolalwa | oluyolalwa | luyolalwa | aluyulalwa | olungeyulalwa | lungeyulalwa | |||
Class 14 | buyolalwa | obuyolalwa | buyolalwa | abuyulalwa | obungeyulalwa | bungeyulalwa | |||
Class 15 | kuyolalwa | okuyolalwa | kuyolalwa | akuyulalwa | okungeyulalwa | kungeyulalwa | |||
Class 17 | kuyolalwa | okuyolalwa | kuyolalwa | akuyulalwa | okungeyulalwa | kungeyulalwa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngilalwe | ngingalalwa | |||||||
2nd singular | ulalwe | ungalalwa | |||||||
1st plural | silalwe | singalalwa | |||||||
2nd plural | nilalwe | ningalalwa | |||||||
Class 1 | alalwe | angalalwa | |||||||
Class 2 | balalwe | bangalalwa | |||||||
Class 3 | ulalwe | ungalalwa | |||||||
Class 4 | ilalwe | ingalalwa | |||||||
Class 5 | lilalwe | lingalalwa | |||||||
Class 6 | alalwe | angalalwa | |||||||
Class 7 | silalwe | singalalwa | |||||||
Class 8 | zilalwe | zingalalwa | |||||||
Class 9 | ilalwe | ingalalwa | |||||||
Class 10 | zilalwe | zingalalwa | |||||||
Class 11 | lulalwe | lungalalwa | |||||||
Class 14 | bulalwe | bungalalwa | |||||||
Class 15 | kulalwe | kungalalwa | |||||||
Class 17 | kulalwe | kungalalwa | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngalalwa | ngangalalwa, angalalwa, angangalalwa | |||||||
2nd singular | walalwa | wangalalwa, awalalwa, awangalalwa | |||||||
1st plural | salalwa | sangalalwa, asalalwa, asangalalwa | |||||||
2nd plural | nalalwa | nangalalwa, analalwa, anangalalwa | |||||||
Class 1 | walalwa | wangalalwa, akalalwa, akangalalwa | |||||||
Class 2 | balalwa | bangalalwa, abalalwa, abangalalwa | |||||||
Class 3 | walalwa | wangalalwa, awalalwa, awangalalwa | |||||||
Class 4 | yalalwa | yangalalwa, ayalalwa, ayangalalwa | |||||||
Class 5 | lalalwa | langalalwa, alalalwa, alangalalwa | |||||||
Class 6 | alalwa | angalalwa, awalalwa, awangalalwa | |||||||
Class 7 | salalwa | sangalalwa, asalalwa, asangalalwa | |||||||
Class 8 | zalalwa | zangalalwa, azalalwa, azangalalwa | |||||||
Class 9 | yalalwa | yangalalwa, ayalalwa, ayangalalwa | |||||||
Class 10 | zalalwa | zangalalwa, azalalwa, azangalalwa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwalalwa | lwangalalwa, alwalalwa, alwangalalwa | |||||||
Class 14 | balalwa | bangalalwa, abalalwa, abangalalwa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwalalwa | kwangalalwa, akwalalwa, akwangalalwa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwalalwa | kwangalalwa, akwalalwa, akwangalalwa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “lala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “lala”
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