limoger
French
Etymology
Limoges + -er. From the town of Limoges, which was far away from the World War I front and where General Joffre consequently sent senior staff whom he considered useless and had relieved from actual command.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /limɔʒe/
Verb
limoger
- (transitive) to dismiss; it is normally used about senior staff, such as a minister, general, bishop, ambassador, etc...
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written limoge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of limoger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | limogeant /li.mɔ.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | limogé /li.mɔ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | limoger | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | limogeant /li.mɔ.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | limoge /li.mɔʒ/ |
limoges /li.mɔʒ/ |
limoge /li.mɔʒ/ |
limogeons /li.mɔ.ʒɔ̃/ |
limogez /li.mɔ.ʒe/ |
limogent /li.mɔʒ/ |
| imperfect | limogeais /li.mɔ.ʒɛ/ |
limogeais /li.mɔ.ʒɛ/ |
limogeait /li.mɔ.ʒɛ/ |
limogions /li.mɔ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
limogiez /li.mɔ.ʒje/ |
limogeaient /li.mɔ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | limogeai /li.mɔ.ʒe/ |
limogeas /li.mɔ.ʒa/ |
limogea /li.mɔ.ʒa/ |
limogeâmes /li.mɔ.ʒam/ |
limogeâtes /li.mɔ.ʒat/ |
limogèrent /li.mɔ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | limogerai /li.mɔʒ.ʁe/ |
limogeras /li.mɔʒ.ʁa/ |
limogera /li.mɔʒ.ʁa/ |
limogerons /li.mɔʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
limogerez /li.mɔʒ.ʁe/ |
limogeront /li.mɔʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | limogerais /li.mɔʒ.ʁɛ/ |
limogerais /li.mɔʒ.ʁɛ/ |
limogerait /li.mɔʒ.ʁɛ/ |
limogerions /li.mɔ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
limogeriez /li.mɔ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
limogeraient /li.mɔʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | limoge /li.mɔʒ/ |
limoges /li.mɔʒ/ |
limoge /li.mɔʒ/ |
limogions /li.mɔ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
limogiez /li.mɔ.ʒje/ |
limogent /li.mɔʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | limogeasse /li.mɔ.ʒas/ |
limogeasses /li.mɔ.ʒas/ |
limogeât /li.mɔ.ʒa/ |
limogeassions /li.mɔ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
limogeassiez /li.mɔ.ʒa.sje/ |
limogeassent /li.mɔ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | limoge /li.mɔʒ/ |
— | limogeons /li.mɔ.ʒɔ̃/ |
limogez /li.mɔ.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “limoger” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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