pénétrer
See also: penetrer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pe.ne.tʁe/
audio (file)
Verb
pénétrer
- (transitive) to enter, to get in (to)
- Comment a-t-il pu pénétrer le site? ― How did he get into the site?
- to penetrate
- to see through somebody's lies or secret plans
- Cet homme a beau feindre, il n’est pas difficile à pénétrer. ― That man may well pretend, but it's easy to see through his lies.
- to penetrate (to enter sexually; to engage in penetrative sex)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written pénétrer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written pénètrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of pénétrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | pénétrant /pe.ne.tʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | pénétré /pe.ne.tʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | pénétrer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | pénétrant /pe.ne.tʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pénètre /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénètres /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénètre /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénétrons /pe.ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
pénétrez /pe.ne.tʁe/ |
pénètrent /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
| imperfect | pénétrais /pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
pénétrais /pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
pénétrait /pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
pénétrions /pe.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
pénétriez /pe.ne.tʁi.je/ |
pénétraient /pe.ne.tʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pénétrai /pe.ne.tʁe/ |
pénétras /pe.ne.tʁa/ |
pénétra /pe.ne.tʁa/ |
pénétrâmes /pe.ne.tʁam/ |
pénétrâtes /pe.ne.tʁat/ |
pénétrèrent /pe.ne.tʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | pénètrerai or pénétrerai /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁe/ |
pénètreras or pénétreras /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁa/ |
pénètrera or pénétrera /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁa/ |
pénètrerons or pénétrerons /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
pénètrerez or pénétrerez /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁe/ |
pénètreront or pénétreront /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pénètrerais or pénétrerais /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
pénètrerais or pénétrerais /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
pénètrerait or pénétrerait /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
pénètrerions or pénétrerions /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
pénètreriez or pénétreriez /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁje/ |
pénètreraient or pénétreraient /pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pénètre /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénètres /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénètre /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
pénétrions /pe.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
pénétriez /pe.ne.tʁi.je/ |
pénètrent /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | pénétrasse /pe.ne.tʁas/ |
pénétrasses /pe.ne.tʁas/ |
pénétrât /pe.ne.tʁa/ |
pénétrassions /pe.ne.tʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
pénétrassiez /pe.ne.tʁa.sje/ |
pénétrassent /pe.ne.tʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pénètre /pe.nɛtʁ/ |
— | pénétrons /pe.ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
pénétrez /pe.ne.tʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- pénétration
- pénétrer par effraction
Further reading
- “pénétrer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
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