pha
Min Nan
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-páa.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-páa.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [faː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [faː˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [faː˧˧]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Vietic *pʰaː; cognate with Muong pha, Tho [Cuối Chăm] /pʰaː¹/, Arem /pʰæː/ and Chut [Rục] /pʰaː¹/.
Noun
pha
- a short, and astonishing and/or exciting, incident
- Vừa rồi quả là một pha ghi bàn ấn tượng!
- That was a nice goal!
- Quả là một pha nhào lộn ấn tượng!
- That was an amazing acrobatic move!
- (sciences) a phase; a stage
- Pha của dao động cơ là (ωt+φ), trong đó φ là pha ban đầu.
- The phase of a mechanical oscillation is (ωt+φ), with φ being the phase constant.
- Mỗi nhịp tim có năm pha.
- Each heartbeat involves five stages.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-páa.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-páa.
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukupha | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukupha | ukungaphi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yipha | -phe | |||||||
Plural | yiphani | -pheni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyapha, ngipha | engiphayo, engipha | ngipha | angiphi | engingaphi | ngingaphi | |||
2nd singular | uyapha, upha | ophayo, opha | upha | awuphi | ongaphi | ungaphi | |||
1st plural | siyapha, sipha | esiphayo, esipha | sipha | asiphi | esingaphi | singaphi | |||
2nd plural | niyapha, nipha | eniphayo, enipha | nipha | aniphi | eningaphi | ningaphi | |||
Class 1 | uyapha, upha | ophayo, opha | epha | akaphi | ongaphi | engaphi | |||
Class 2 | bayapha, bapha | abaphayo, abapha | bepha | abaphi | abangaphi | bengaphi | |||
Class 3 | uyapha, upha | ophayo, opha | upha | awuphi | ongaphi | ungaphi | |||
Class 4 | iyapha, ipha | ephayo, epha | ipha | ayiphi | engaphi | ingaphi | |||
Class 5 | liyapha, lipha | eliphayo, elipha | lipha | aliphi | elingaphi | lingaphi | |||
Class 6 | ayapha, apha | aphayo, apha | epha | awaphi | angaphi | engaphi | |||
Class 7 | siyapha, sipha | esiphayo, esipha | sipha | asiphi | esingaphi | singaphi | |||
Class 8 | ziyapha, zipha | eziphayo, ezipha | zipha | aziphi | ezingaphi | zingaphi | |||
Class 9 | iyapha, ipha | ephayo, epha | ipha | ayiphi | engaphi | ingaphi | |||
Class 10 | ziyapha, zipha | eziphayo, ezipha | zipha | aziphi | ezingaphi | zingaphi | |||
Class 11 | luyapha, lupha | oluphayo, olupha | lupha | aluphi | olungaphi | lungaphi | |||
Class 14 | buyapha, bupha | obuphayo, obupha | bupha | abuphi | obungaphi | bungaphi | |||
Class 15 | kuyapha, kupha | okuphayo, okupha | kupha | akuphi | okungaphi | kungaphi | |||
Class 17 | kuyapha, kupha | okuphayo, okupha | kupha | akuphi | okungaphi | kungaphi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiphile, ngiphē | engiphile, engiphē | ngiphile, ngiphē | angiphanga | engingaphanga | ngingaphanga | |||
2nd singular | uphile, uphē | ophile, ophē | uphile, uphē | awuphanga | ongaphanga | ungaphanga | |||
1st plural | siphile, siphē | esiphile, esiphē | siphile, siphē | asiphanga | esingaphanga | singaphanga | |||
2nd plural | niphile, niphē | eniphile, eniphē | niphile, niphē | aniphanga | eningaphanga | ningaphanga | |||
Class 1 | uphile, uphē | ophile, ophē | ephile, ephē | akaphanga | ongaphanga | engaphanga | |||
Class 2 | baphile, baphē | abaphile, abaphē | bephile, bephē | abaphanga | abangaphanga | bengaphanga | |||
Class 3 | uphile, uphē | ophile, ophē | uphile, uphē | awuphanga | ongaphanga | ungaphanga | |||
Class 4 | iphile, iphē | ephile, ephē | iphile, iphē | ayiphanga | engaphanga | ingaphanga | |||
Class 5 | liphile, liphē | eliphile, eliphē | liphile, liphē | aliphanga | elingaphanga | lingaphanga | |||
Class 6 | aphile, aphē | aphile, aphē | ephile, ephē | awaphanga | angaphanga | engaphanga | |||
Class 7 | siphile, siphē | esiphile, esiphē | siphile, siphē | asiphanga | esingaphanga | singaphanga | |||
Class 8 | ziphile, ziphē | eziphile, eziphē | ziphile, ziphē | aziphanga | ezingaphanga | zingaphanga | |||
Class 9 | iphile, iphē | ephile, ephē | iphile, iphē | ayiphanga | engaphanga | ingaphanga | |||
Class 10 | ziphile, ziphē | eziphile, eziphē | ziphile, ziphē | aziphanga | ezingaphanga | zingaphanga | |||
Class 11 | luphile, luphē | oluphile, oluphē | luphile, luphē | aluphanga | olungaphanga | lungaphanga | |||
Class 14 | buphile, buphē | obuphile, obuphē | buphile, buphē | abuphanga | obungaphanga | bungaphanga | |||
Class 15 | kuphile, kuphē | okuphile, okuphē | kuphile, kuphē | akuphanga | okungaphanga | kungaphanga | |||
Class 17 | kuphile, kuphē | okuphile, okuphē | kuphile, kuphē | akuphanga | okungaphanga | kungaphanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāpha | engāpha | ngāpha | angiphanga | engingaphanga | ngingaphanga | |||
2nd singular | wāpha | owāpha | wāpha | awuphanga | ongaphanga | ungaphanga | |||
1st plural | sāpha | esāpha | sāpha | asiphanga | esingaphanga | singaphanga | |||
2nd plural | nāpha | enāpha | nāpha | aniphanga | eningaphanga | ningaphanga | |||
Class 1 | wāpha | owāpha | āpha | akaphanga | ongaphanga | engaphanga | |||
Class 2 | bāpha | abāpha | bāpha | abaphanga | abangaphanga | bengaphanga | |||
Class 3 | wāpha | owāpha | wāpha | awuphanga | ongaphanga | ungaphanga | |||
Class 4 | yāpha | eyāpha | yāpha | ayiphanga | engaphanga | ingaphanga | |||
Class 5 | lāpha | elāpha | lāpha | aliphanga | elingaphanga | lingaphanga | |||
Class 6 | āpha | āpha | āpha | awaphanga | angaphanga | engaphanga | |||
Class 7 | sāpha | esāpha | sāpha | asiphanga | esingaphanga | singaphanga | |||
Class 8 | zāpha | ezāpha | zāpha | aziphanga | ezingaphanga | zingaphanga | |||
Class 9 | yāpha | eyāpha | yāpha | ayiphanga | engaphanga | ingaphanga | |||
Class 10 | zāpha | ezāpha | zāpha | aziphanga | ezingaphanga | zingaphanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāpha | olwāpha | lwāpha | aluphanga | olungaphanga | lungaphanga | |||
Class 14 | bāpha | obāpha | bāpha | abuphanga | obungaphanga | bungaphanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāpha | okwāpha | kwāpha | akuphanga | okungaphanga | kungaphanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāpha | okwāpha | kwāpha | akuphanga | okungaphanga | kungaphanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingapha | — | ngingapha | ngingephe | — | ngingephe | |||
2nd singular | ungapha | — | ungapha | ungephe | — | ungephe | |||
1st plural | singapha | — | singapha | singephe | — | singephe | |||
2nd plural | ningapha | — | ningapha | ningephe | — | ningephe | |||
Class 1 | angapha | — | engapha | angephe | — | engephe | |||
Class 2 | bangapha | — | bengapha | bangephe | — | bengephe | |||
Class 3 | ungapha | — | ungapha | ungephe | — | ungephe | |||
Class 4 | ingapha | — | ingapha | ingephe | — | ingephe | |||
Class 5 | lingapha | — | lingapha | lingephe | — | lingephe | |||
Class 6 | angapha | — | engapha | angephe | — | engephe | |||
Class 7 | singapha | — | singapha | singephe | — | singephe | |||
Class 8 | zingapha | — | zingapha | zingephe | — | zingephe | |||
Class 9 | ingapha | — | ingapha | ingephe | — | ingephe | |||
Class 10 | zingapha | — | zingapha | zingephe | — | zingephe | |||
Class 11 | lungapha | — | lungapha | lungephe | — | lungephe | |||
Class 14 | bungapha | — | bungapha | bungephe | — | bungephe | |||
Class 15 | kungapha | — | kungapha | kungephe | — | kungephe | |||
Class 17 | kungapha | — | kungapha | kungephe | — | kungephe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokupha | engizokupha | ngizokupha | angizukupha | engingezukupha | ngingezukupha | |||
2nd singular | uzokupha | ozokupha | uzokupha | awuzukupha | ongezukupha | ungezukupha | |||
1st plural | sizokupha | esizokupha | sizokupha | asizukupha | esingezukupha | singezukupha | |||
2nd plural | nizokupha | enizokupha | nizokupha | anizukupha | eningezukupha | ningezukupha | |||
Class 1 | uzokupha | ozokupha | ezokupha | akazukupha | ongezukupha | engezukupha | |||
Class 2 | bazokupha | abazokupha | bezokupha | abazukupha | abangezukupha | bengezukupha | |||
Class 3 | uzokupha | ozokupha | uzokupha | awuzukupha | ongezukupha | ungezukupha | |||
Class 4 | izokupha | ezokupha | izokupha | ayizukupha | engezukupha | ingezukupha | |||
Class 5 | lizokupha | elizokupha | lizokupha | alizukupha | elingezukupha | lingezukupha | |||
Class 6 | azokupha | azokupha | ezokupha | awazukupha | angezukupha | engezukupha | |||
Class 7 | sizokupha | esizokupha | sizokupha | asizukupha | esingezukupha | singezukupha | |||
Class 8 | zizokupha | ezizokupha | zizokupha | azizukupha | ezingezukupha | zingezukupha | |||
Class 9 | izokupha | ezokupha | izokupha | ayizukupha | engezukupha | ingezukupha | |||
Class 10 | zizokupha | ezizokupha | zizokupha | azizukupha | ezingezukupha | zingezukupha | |||
Class 11 | luzokupha | oluzokupha | luzokupha | aluzukupha | olungezukupha | lungezukupha | |||
Class 14 | buzokupha | obuzokupha | buzokupha | abuzukupha | obungezukupha | bungezukupha | |||
Class 15 | kuzokupha | okuzokupha | kuzokupha | akuzukupha | okungezukupha | kungezukupha | |||
Class 17 | kuzokupha | okuzokupha | kuzokupha | akuzukupha | okungezukupha | kungezukupha | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokupha | engiyokupha | ngiyokupha | angiyukupha | engingeyukupha | ngingeyukupha | |||
2nd singular | uyokupha | oyokupha | uyokupha | awuyukupha | ongeyukupha | ungeyukupha | |||
1st plural | siyokupha | esiyokupha | siyokupha | asiyukupha | esingeyukupha | singeyukupha | |||
2nd plural | niyokupha | eniyokupha | niyokupha | aniyukupha | eningeyukupha | ningeyukupha | |||
Class 1 | uyokupha | oyokupha | eyokupha | akayukupha | ongeyukupha | engeyukupha | |||
Class 2 | bayokupha | abayokupha | beyokupha | abayukupha | abangeyukupha | bengeyukupha | |||
Class 3 | uyokupha | oyokupha | uyokupha | awuyukupha | ongeyukupha | ungeyukupha | |||
Class 4 | iyokupha | eyokupha | iyokupha | ayiyukupha | engeyukupha | ingeyukupha | |||
Class 5 | liyokupha | eliyokupha | liyokupha | aliyukupha | elingeyukupha | lingeyukupha | |||
Class 6 | ayokupha | ayokupha | eyokupha | awayukupha | angeyukupha | engeyukupha | |||
Class 7 | siyokupha | esiyokupha | siyokupha | asiyukupha | esingeyukupha | singeyukupha | |||
Class 8 | ziyokupha | eziyokupha | ziyokupha | aziyukupha | ezingeyukupha | zingeyukupha | |||
Class 9 | iyokupha | eyokupha | iyokupha | ayiyukupha | engeyukupha | ingeyukupha | |||
Class 10 | ziyokupha | eziyokupha | ziyokupha | aziyukupha | ezingeyukupha | zingeyukupha | |||
Class 11 | luyokupha | oluyokupha | luyokupha | aluyukupha | olungeyukupha | lungeyukupha | |||
Class 14 | buyokupha | obuyokupha | buyokupha | abuyukupha | obungeyukupha | bungeyukupha | |||
Class 15 | kuyokupha | okuyokupha | kuyokupha | akuyukupha | okungeyukupha | kungeyukupha | |||
Class 17 | kuyokupha | okuyokupha | kuyokupha | akuyukupha | okungeyukupha | kungeyukupha | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiphe | ngingaphi | |||||||
2nd singular | uphe | ungaphi | |||||||
1st plural | siphe | singaphi | |||||||
2nd plural | niphe | ningaphi | |||||||
Class 1 | aphe | angaphi | |||||||
Class 2 | baphe | bangaphi | |||||||
Class 3 | uphe | ungaphi | |||||||
Class 4 | iphe | ingaphi | |||||||
Class 5 | liphe | lingaphi | |||||||
Class 6 | aphe | angaphi | |||||||
Class 7 | siphe | singaphi | |||||||
Class 8 | ziphe | zingaphi | |||||||
Class 9 | iphe | ingaphi | |||||||
Class 10 | ziphe | zingaphi | |||||||
Class 11 | luphe | lungaphi | |||||||
Class 14 | buphe | bungaphi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuphe | kungaphi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuphe | kungaphi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngapha | ngangapha, angapha, angangapha | |||||||
2nd singular | wapha | wangapha, awapha, awangapha | |||||||
1st plural | sapha | sangapha, asapha, asangapha | |||||||
2nd plural | napha | nangapha, anapha, anangapha | |||||||
Class 1 | wapha | wangapha, akapha, akangapha | |||||||
Class 2 | bapha | bangapha, abapha, abangapha | |||||||
Class 3 | wapha | wangapha, awapha, awangapha | |||||||
Class 4 | yapha | yangapha, ayapha, ayangapha | |||||||
Class 5 | lapha | langapha, alapha, alangapha | |||||||
Class 6 | apha | angapha, awapha, awangapha | |||||||
Class 7 | sapha | sangapha, asapha, asangapha | |||||||
Class 8 | zapha | zangapha, azapha, azangapha | |||||||
Class 9 | yapha | yangapha, ayapha, ayangapha | |||||||
Class 10 | zapha | zangapha, azapha, azangapha | |||||||
Class 11 | lwapha | lwangapha, alwapha, alwangapha | |||||||
Class 14 | bapha | bangapha, abapha, abangapha | |||||||
Class 15 | kwapha | kwangapha, akwapha, akwangapha | |||||||
Class 17 | kwapha | kwangapha, akwapha, akwangapha |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “pha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “pha”
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