phola
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-póda
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pʰóːla/
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuphola | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuphola | ukungapholi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | phola | -phole | |||||||
Plural | pholani | -pholeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaphola, ngiphola | engipholayo, engiphola | ngiphola | angipholi | engingapholi | ngingapholi | |||
2nd singular | uyaphola, uphola | opholayo, ophola | uphola | awupholi | ongapholi | ungapholi | |||
1st plural | siyaphola, siphola | esipholayo, esiphola | siphola | asipholi | esingapholi | singapholi | |||
2nd plural | niyaphola, niphola | enipholayo, eniphola | niphola | anipholi | eningapholi | ningapholi | |||
Class 1 | uyaphola, uphola | opholayo, ophola | ephola | akapholi | ongapholi | engapholi | |||
Class 2 | bayaphola, baphola | abapholayo, abaphola | bephola | abapholi | abangapholi | bengapholi | |||
Class 3 | uyaphola, uphola | opholayo, ophola | uphola | awupholi | ongapholi | ungapholi | |||
Class 4 | iyaphola, iphola | epholayo, ephola | iphola | ayipholi | engapholi | ingapholi | |||
Class 5 | liyaphola, liphola | elipholayo, eliphola | liphola | alipholi | elingapholi | lingapholi | |||
Class 6 | ayaphola, aphola | apholayo, aphola | ephola | awapholi | angapholi | engapholi | |||
Class 7 | siyaphola, siphola | esipholayo, esiphola | siphola | asipholi | esingapholi | singapholi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaphola, ziphola | ezipholayo, eziphola | ziphola | azipholi | ezingapholi | zingapholi | |||
Class 9 | iyaphola, iphola | epholayo, ephola | iphola | ayipholi | engapholi | ingapholi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaphola, ziphola | ezipholayo, eziphola | ziphola | azipholi | ezingapholi | zingapholi | |||
Class 11 | luyaphola, luphola | olupholayo, oluphola | luphola | alupholi | olungapholi | lungapholi | |||
Class 14 | buyaphola, buphola | obupholayo, obuphola | buphola | abupholi | obungapholi | bungapholi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaphola, kuphola | okupholayo, okuphola | kuphola | akupholi | okungapholi | kungapholi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaphola, kuphola | okupholayo, okuphola | kuphola | akupholi | okungapholi | kungapholi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngipholile, ngipholē | engipholile, engipholē | ngipholile, ngipholē | angipholanga | engingapholanga | ngingapholanga | |||
2nd singular | upholile, upholē | opholile, opholē | upholile, upholē | awupholanga | ongapholanga | ungapholanga | |||
1st plural | sipholile, sipholē | esipholile, esipholē | sipholile, sipholē | asipholanga | esingapholanga | singapholanga | |||
2nd plural | nipholile, nipholē | enipholile, enipholē | nipholile, nipholē | anipholanga | eningapholanga | ningapholanga | |||
Class 1 | upholile, upholē | opholile, opholē | epholile, epholē | akapholanga | ongapholanga | engapholanga | |||
Class 2 | bapholile, bapholē | abapholile, abapholē | bepholile, bepholē | abapholanga | abangapholanga | bengapholanga | |||
Class 3 | upholile, upholē | opholile, opholē | upholile, upholē | awupholanga | ongapholanga | ungapholanga | |||
Class 4 | ipholile, ipholē | epholile, epholē | ipholile, ipholē | ayipholanga | engapholanga | ingapholanga | |||
Class 5 | lipholile, lipholē | elipholile, elipholē | lipholile, lipholē | alipholanga | elingapholanga | lingapholanga | |||
Class 6 | apholile, apholē | apholile, apholē | epholile, epholē | awapholanga | angapholanga | engapholanga | |||
Class 7 | sipholile, sipholē | esipholile, esipholē | sipholile, sipholē | asipholanga | esingapholanga | singapholanga | |||
Class 8 | zipholile, zipholē | ezipholile, ezipholē | zipholile, zipholē | azipholanga | ezingapholanga | zingapholanga | |||
Class 9 | ipholile, ipholē | epholile, epholē | ipholile, ipholē | ayipholanga | engapholanga | ingapholanga | |||
Class 10 | zipholile, zipholē | ezipholile, ezipholē | zipholile, zipholē | azipholanga | ezingapholanga | zingapholanga | |||
Class 11 | lupholile, lupholē | olupholile, olupholē | lupholile, lupholē | alupholanga | olungapholanga | lungapholanga | |||
Class 14 | bupholile, bupholē | obupholile, obupholē | bupholile, bupholē | abupholanga | obungapholanga | bungapholanga | |||
Class 15 | kupholile, kupholē | okupholile, okupholē | kupholile, kupholē | akupholanga | okungapholanga | kungapholanga | |||
Class 17 | kupholile, kupholē | okupholile, okupholē | kupholile, kupholē | akupholanga | okungapholanga | kungapholanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāphola | engāphola | ngāphola | angipholanga | engingapholanga | ngingapholanga | |||
2nd singular | wāphola | owāphola | wāphola | awupholanga | ongapholanga | ungapholanga | |||
1st plural | sāphola | esāphola | sāphola | asipholanga | esingapholanga | singapholanga | |||
2nd plural | nāphola | enāphola | nāphola | anipholanga | eningapholanga | ningapholanga | |||
Class 1 | wāphola | owāphola | āphola | akapholanga | ongapholanga | engapholanga | |||
Class 2 | bāphola | abāphola | bāphola | abapholanga | abangapholanga | bengapholanga | |||
Class 3 | wāphola | owāphola | wāphola | awupholanga | ongapholanga | ungapholanga | |||
Class 4 | yāphola | eyāphola | yāphola | ayipholanga | engapholanga | ingapholanga | |||
Class 5 | lāphola | elāphola | lāphola | alipholanga | elingapholanga | lingapholanga | |||
Class 6 | āphola | āphola | āphola | awapholanga | angapholanga | engapholanga | |||
Class 7 | sāphola | esāphola | sāphola | asipholanga | esingapholanga | singapholanga | |||
Class 8 | zāphola | ezāphola | zāphola | azipholanga | ezingapholanga | zingapholanga | |||
Class 9 | yāphola | eyāphola | yāphola | ayipholanga | engapholanga | ingapholanga | |||
Class 10 | zāphola | ezāphola | zāphola | azipholanga | ezingapholanga | zingapholanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāphola | olwāphola | lwāphola | alupholanga | olungapholanga | lungapholanga | |||
Class 14 | bāphola | obāphola | bāphola | abupholanga | obungapholanga | bungapholanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāphola | okwāphola | kwāphola | akupholanga | okungapholanga | kungapholanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāphola | okwāphola | kwāphola | akupholanga | okungapholanga | kungapholanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaphola | — | ngingaphola | ngingephole | — | ngingephole | |||
2nd singular | ungaphola | — | ungaphola | ungephole | — | ungephole | |||
1st plural | singaphola | — | singaphola | singephole | — | singephole | |||
2nd plural | ningaphola | — | ningaphola | ningephole | — | ningephole | |||
Class 1 | angaphola | — | engaphola | angephole | — | engephole | |||
Class 2 | bangaphola | — | bengaphola | bangephole | — | bengephole | |||
Class 3 | ungaphola | — | ungaphola | ungephole | — | ungephole | |||
Class 4 | ingaphola | — | ingaphola | ingephole | — | ingephole | |||
Class 5 | lingaphola | — | lingaphola | lingephole | — | lingephole | |||
Class 6 | angaphola | — | engaphola | angephole | — | engephole | |||
Class 7 | singaphola | — | singaphola | singephole | — | singephole | |||
Class 8 | zingaphola | — | zingaphola | zingephole | — | zingephole | |||
Class 9 | ingaphola | — | ingaphola | ingephole | — | ingephole | |||
Class 10 | zingaphola | — | zingaphola | zingephole | — | zingephole | |||
Class 11 | lungaphola | — | lungaphola | lungephole | — | lungephole | |||
Class 14 | bungaphola | — | bungaphola | bungephole | — | bungephole | |||
Class 15 | kungaphola | — | kungaphola | kungephole | — | kungephole | |||
Class 17 | kungaphola | — | kungaphola | kungephole | — | kungephole | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizophola | engizophola | ngizophola | angizuphola | — | ngingezuphola | |||
2nd singular | uzophola | ozophola | uzophola | awuzuphola | — | ungezuphola | |||
1st plural | sizophola | esizophola | sizophola | asizuphola | — | singezuphola | |||
2nd plural | nizophola | enizophola | nizophola | anizuphola | — | ningezuphola | |||
Class 1 | uzophola | ozophola | ezophola | akazuphola | — | engezuphola | |||
Class 2 | bazophola | abazophola | bezophola | abazuphola | — | bengezuphola | |||
Class 3 | uzophola | ozophola | uzophola | awuzuphola | — | ungezuphola | |||
Class 4 | izophola | ezophola | izophola | ayizuphola | — | ingezuphola | |||
Class 5 | lizophola | elizophola | lizophola | alizuphola | — | lingezuphola | |||
Class 6 | azophola | azophola | ezophola | awazuphola | — | engezuphola | |||
Class 7 | sizophola | esizophola | sizophola | asizuphola | — | singezuphola | |||
Class 8 | zizophola | ezizophola | zizophola | azizuphola | — | zingezuphola | |||
Class 9 | izophola | ezophola | izophola | ayizuphola | — | ingezuphola | |||
Class 10 | zizophola | ezizophola | zizophola | azizuphola | — | zingezuphola | |||
Class 11 | luzophola | oluzophola | luzophola | aluzuphola | — | lungezuphola | |||
Class 14 | buzophola | obuzophola | buzophola | abuzuphola | — | bungezuphola | |||
Class 15 | kuzophola | okuzophola | kuzophola | akuzuphola | — | kungezuphola | |||
Class 17 | kuzophola | okuzophola | kuzophola | akuzuphola | — | kungezuphola | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyophola | engiyophola | ngiyophola | angiyuphola | — | ngingeyuphola | |||
2nd singular | uyophola | oyophola | uyophola | awuyuphola | — | ungeyuphola | |||
1st plural | siyophola | esiyophola | siyophola | asiyuphola | — | singeyuphola | |||
2nd plural | niyophola | eniyophola | niyophola | aniyuphola | — | ningeyuphola | |||
Class 1 | uyophola | oyophola | eyophola | akayuphola | — | engeyuphola | |||
Class 2 | bayophola | abayophola | beyophola | abayuphola | — | bengeyuphola | |||
Class 3 | uyophola | oyophola | uyophola | awuyuphola | — | ungeyuphola | |||
Class 4 | iyophola | eyophola | iyophola | ayiyuphola | — | ingeyuphola | |||
Class 5 | liyophola | eliyophola | liyophola | aliyuphola | — | lingeyuphola | |||
Class 6 | ayophola | ayophola | eyophola | awayuphola | — | engeyuphola | |||
Class 7 | siyophola | esiyophola | siyophola | asiyuphola | — | singeyuphola | |||
Class 8 | ziyophola | eziyophola | ziyophola | aziyuphola | — | zingeyuphola | |||
Class 9 | iyophola | eyophola | iyophola | ayiyuphola | — | ingeyuphola | |||
Class 10 | ziyophola | eziyophola | ziyophola | aziyuphola | — | zingeyuphola | |||
Class 11 | luyophola | oluyophola | luyophola | aluyuphola | — | lungeyuphola | |||
Class 14 | buyophola | obuyophola | buyophola | abuyuphola | — | bungeyuphola | |||
Class 15 | kuyophola | okuyophola | kuyophola | akuyuphola | — | kungeyuphola | |||
Class 17 | kuyophola | okuyophola | kuyophola | akuyuphola | — | kungeyuphola | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiphole | ngingapholi | |||||||
2nd singular | uphole | ungapholi | |||||||
1st plural | siphole | singapholi | |||||||
2nd plural | niphole | ningapholi | |||||||
Class 1 | aphole | angapholi | |||||||
Class 2 | baphole | bangapholi | |||||||
Class 3 | uphole | ungapholi | |||||||
Class 4 | iphole | ingapholi | |||||||
Class 5 | liphole | lingapholi | |||||||
Class 6 | aphole | angapholi | |||||||
Class 7 | siphole | singapholi | |||||||
Class 8 | ziphole | zingapholi | |||||||
Class 9 | iphole | ingapholi | |||||||
Class 10 | ziphole | zingapholi | |||||||
Class 11 | luphole | lungapholi | |||||||
Class 14 | buphole | bungapholi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuphole | kungapholi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuphole | kungapholi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaphola | ngangaphola, angaphola, angangaphola | |||||||
2nd singular | waphola | wangaphola, awaphola, awangaphola | |||||||
1st plural | saphola | sangaphola, asaphola, asangaphola | |||||||
2nd plural | naphola | nangaphola, anaphola, anangaphola | |||||||
Class 1 | waphola | wangaphola, akaphola, akangaphola | |||||||
Class 2 | baphola | bangaphola, abaphola, abangaphola | |||||||
Class 3 | waphola | wangaphola, awaphola, awangaphola | |||||||
Class 4 | yaphola | yangaphola, ayaphola, ayangaphola | |||||||
Class 5 | laphola | langaphola, alaphola, alangaphola | |||||||
Class 6 | aphola | angaphola, awaphola, awangaphola | |||||||
Class 7 | saphola | sangaphola, asaphola, asangaphola | |||||||
Class 8 | zaphola | zangaphola, azaphola, azangaphola | |||||||
Class 9 | yaphola | yangaphola, ayaphola, ayangaphola | |||||||
Class 10 | zaphola | zangaphola, azaphola, azangaphola | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaphola | lwangaphola, alwaphola, alwangaphola | |||||||
Class 14 | baphola | bangaphola, abaphola, abangaphola | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaphola | kwangaphola, akwaphola, akwangaphola | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaphola | kwangaphola, akwaphola, akwangaphola |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “phola”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phola (3.9)”
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