calm

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French calme, itself probably from Old Italian calma. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō, from Doric Greek κάλεος (káleos) (compare Attic Greek and Ionic Greek κήλεος (kḗleos)). See also cauma.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /kɑːm/
(US) IPA^(key): /kɑ(l)m/, /kɔ(ː)m/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɑːm

Adjective

calm (comparative calmer or more calm, superlative calmest or most calm)

(of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
(of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.
(of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.
Without wind or storm.

Synonyms

See also Thesaurus:calm

Antonyms

(free from anger and anxiety): stressed, nervous, anxious
(free of noise and disturbance): disturbed
(without wind or storm): windy, stormy

Derived terms

Translations

free from anger and anxiety

Arabic: هَادِئ‎ (hādiʾ)
Aymara: aliqa (ay)
Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
Belarusian: спако́йны (spakójny)
Bulgarian: спокоен (bg) (spokoen)
Catalan: calm (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng), 安靜 (zh), 安静 (zh) (ānjìng)
Czech: klidný (cs) m
Danish: rolig (da)
Dutch: vredig (nl), kalm (nl)
Esperanto: trankvila (eo)
Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
Galician: calmo m
Greek: ήρεμος (el) (íremos)
Ancient: γαληνός (galēnós)
Hebrew: רגוע‎ (he) m (ragua)
Hindi: शांत (hi) (śānt)
Hungarian: nyugodt (hu)
Japanese: 穏やかな (ja) (odayaka na), 静かな (ja) (shizuka na), 平穏な (ja) (heion na)
Korean: 고요하다 (ko) (goyohada), 잠잠하다 (ko) (jamjamhada)
Latgalian: romons, mīrons
Latin: tranquillus, sēdātus
Latvian: rāms (lv)

Lithuanian: ramus (lt)
Macedonian: мирен (miren)
Maori: mauritau
Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no)
Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg
Persian: آرام‎ (fa) (ârâm)
Polish: spokojny (pl) m, opanowany (pl) m
Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt), sossegado (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Russian: споко́йный (ru) m (spokójnyj), ти́хий (ru) m (tíxij)
Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: миран

Roman: miran (sh)
Slovak: pokojný (sk)
Slovene: miren (sl)
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: lugn (sv), rofylld (sv)
Tajik: ором (tg) (orom)
Tok Pisin: belisi
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
Ukrainian: спокі́йний (spokíjnyj)
Venetian: cet (vec)

free of noise and disturbance

Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
Bulgarian: тих (bg) (tih), мирен (bg) (miren)
Catalan: calm (ca)
Czech: klidný (cs) m
Danish: rolig (da), stille (da)
Dutch: kalm (nl), rustig (nl)
Esperanto: serena
Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
French: calme (fr) m or f, tranquille (fr)
German: ruhig (de)
Greek: γαλήνιος (el) (galínios)
Hebrew: שלוו‎ (shalev)
Hungarian: csendes (hu)

Japanese: 平穏な (ja) (heion na), 泰平な (ja) (taihei na), 平静な (ja) (heisei na)
Latin: tranquillus
Luxembourgish: roueg
Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no), fredelig (no)
Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg, fredeleg
Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Russian: споко́йный (ru) (spokójnyj)
Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: lugn (sv), stilla (sv)
Tatar: калим (qalim)
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)

(of water) with few or no waves on the surface

Danish: stille (da)
Greek:
Ancient: γαληνός (galēnós)
Hebrew: דִּמְמַת רוּחַ‎ (he) f (dimemat ruakh), גַּלֵּינֵי‎ (he) m (galeyney), שְׁטִיל‎ (he) m (shtil)
Maori: marino
Polish: spokojny (pl) m

Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Swedish: stilla (sv)
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
Westrobothnian: smul

without wind or storm

French: calme (fr) m or f
German: windstill (de)
Japanese: 穏やかな (ja) (odayaka na), 無風の (mufū no)
Maori: tāhengihengi, mārū (of the weather)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: vindstille

Pitjantjatjara: atan
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: vindstilla (sv)
Turkish: sakin (tr), dingin (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

Irish: ^{(please verify)} calma

Mongolian: ^{(please verify)} дөлгөөн (mn) (dölgöön)

Noun

calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)

(in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
(in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.
A period of time without wind.
- Bible, Mark iv. 39
  The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.

Synonyms

See also Thesaurus:calmness

Derived terms

ice-calm

Translations

condition of being unworried and free from anger

Armenian: հանգստություն (hy) (hangstutʿyun), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
Bulgarian: спокойствие (bg) n (spokojstvie), покой (bg) m (pokoj)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng)
Czech: klid (cs) m
Danish: ro (da) c
Dutch: sereniteit (nl) f
Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
Greek: ηρεμία (el) f (iremía)

Hebrew: רוגע‎ m (roga)
Japanese: 平穏 (ja) (heion), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
Polish: spokój (pl) m
Portuguese: calma (pt) f
Romanian: liniște (ro) f
Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), споко́йствие (ru) n (spokójstvije)
Spanish: sosiego (es) m, calma (es) f
Swedish: ro (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

the state with absence of noise and disturbance

Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
Bulgarian: тишина (bg) f (tišina)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Danish: ro (da) c, stilhed (da)
Dutch: rust (nl) m or f
Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
German: Ruhe (de) f
Greek: γαλήνη (el) f (galíni), ησυχία (el) f (isychía)
Hebrew: שלווה‎ (he) f (shalva)

Japanese: 平安 (ja) (heian), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
Polish: spokój (pl) m
Portuguese: calma (pt) f, tranquilidade (pt) f, sossego (pt) m
Romanian: liniște (ro) f
Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), тишина́ (ru) f (tišiná)
Spanish: sosiego (es) m
Swedish: ro (sv) c, stillhet (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
Tatar: калим (qalim)
Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

period without wind

Bulgarian: безветрие (bg) n (bezvetrie), затишие (bg) n (zatišie)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Danish: vindstille
Dutch: windstilte f
Finnish: tyven (fi), tyyni (fi), pläkä
French: calme plat (fr) m, calme (fr) m
German: Windstille (de) f
Greek:
Ancient: γαλήνη f (galḗnē)
Japanese: 無風 (mufū)

Latin: malacia f
Maori: rahopē (refers to condition at sea), āio
Portuguese: calmaria (pt) f
Russian: зати́шье (ru) n (zatíšʹje), безве́трие (ru) n (bezvétrije), штиль (ru) m (štilʹ) (nautical)
Scottish Gaelic: fèath m or f
Spanish: calma (es) f
Swahili: shwari (sw)
Swedish: stiltje (sv), bleke (sv)
Turkish: dinginlik (tr)

Verb

calm (third-person singular simple present calms, present participle calming, simple past and past participle calmed)

(transitive) To make calm.
to calm a crying baby

to calm the passions
- Dryden
  to calm the tempest raised by Aeolus
(intransitive) To become calm.

Synonyms

allay, calm down, cool off, ease, pacify, quieten, soothe, subdue

Translations

to make calm

Belarusian: супако́йваць impf (supakójvacʹ), заспако́йваць impf (zaspakójvacʹ)
Bulgarian: успокоявам (bg) (uspokojavam), усмирявам (bg) (usmirjavam)
Catalan: calmar (ca)
Czech: uklidnit
Danish: berolige
Dutch: kalmeren (nl), gerust stellen
Finnish: tyynnyttää (fi), rauhoittaa (fi)
French: calmer (fr), apaiser (fr)
Galician: calmar (gl)
German: beruhigen (de), ruhig stellen
Greek: ηρεμώ (el) (iremó)
Hebrew: הרגיע‎ (hirgía)

Hungarian: megnyugtat (hu), lecsendesít (hu)
Ido: kalmigar (io)
Maori: roki (of waves), whakarokiroki (of waves), whakarangimārie
Norwegian Bokmål: roe (no), berolige
Norwegian Nynorsk: roe
Polish: uspokoić (pl), uspokajać (pl)
Portuguese: acalmar (pt)
Romanian: liniști (ro), calma (ro), potoli (ro)
Russian: успока́ивать (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹ), успоко́ить (ru) pf (uspokóitʹ)
Swedish: lugna (sv), stilla (sv), blidka (sv), beveka (sv)
Tatar: калим (qalim)
Turkish: sakinleştirmek (tr), dindirmek (tr)
Ukrainian: заспоко́ювати impf (zaspokójuvaty), заспоко́їти pf (zaspokójity)

to become calm

Bulgarian: успокоявам се (uspokojavam se), стихвам (bg) (stihvam)
Catalan: calmar (ca)
Czech: uklidnit
Danish: blive stille, blive rolig
Dutch: afkoelen (nl), kalmeren (nl)
Finnish: tyyntyä (fi), rauhoittua (fi)
Galician: calmar (gl)
Hebrew: נרגע‎ (nirgá)
Hungarian: megnyugszik (hu), lecsendesül
Ido: kalmeskar (io)

Norwegian: roe seg
Pitjantjatjara: atanarinyi (wind or weather)
Polish: uspokoić się (pl), uspokajać się (pl)
Portuguese: acalmar-se, ficar calmo
Romanian: ^{(please verify)} se liniști (ro)
Russian: успока́иваться (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹsja), успокои́ться (ru) pf (uspokoítʹsja)
Swedish: lugna (sv) sig
Turkish: sakinleşmek (tr), dinmek (tr)
Westrobothnian: smuln

Anagrams

CAML, CLAM, Caml, clam

Catalan

Etymology

From calma, probably in imitation of French calme (adjective) and Spanish calmo.

Adjective

calm (feminine calma, masculine plural calms, feminine plural calmes)

calm

Related terms

calma
calmar

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French calme.

Noun

calm

composure (calmness of mind or matter, self-possession)

Related terms

calma

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