prospérer
French
Etymology
From Middle French prosperer, from Old French prosperer, from Latin prosperāre, present active infinitive of prosperō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁɔs.pe.ʁe/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written prospérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written prospèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| present participle | prospérant /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | prospéré /pʁɔs.pe.ʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | prospérer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | prospérant /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prospère /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospères /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospère /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospérons /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɔ̃/ |
prospérez /pʁɔs.pe.ʁe/ |
prospèrent /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
| imperfect | prospérais /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɛ/ |
prospérais /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɛ/ |
prospérait /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɛ/ |
prospérions /pʁɔs.pe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
prospériez /pʁɔs.pe.ʁje/ |
prospéraient /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | prospérai /pʁɔs.pe.ʁe/ |
prospéras /pʁɔs.pe.ʁa/ |
prospéra /pʁɔs.pe.ʁa/ |
prospérâmes /pʁɔs.pe.ʁam/ |
prospérâtes /pʁɔs.pe.ʁat/ |
prospérèrent /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | prospèrerai or prospérerai /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
prospèreras or prospéreras /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
prospèrera or prospérera /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
prospèrerons or prospérerons /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
prospèrerez or prospérerez /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
prospèreront or prospéreront /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | prospèrerais or prospérerais /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
prospèrerais or prospérerais /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
prospèrerait or prospérerait /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
prospèrerions or prospérerions /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
prospèreriez or prospéreriez /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ |
prospèreraient or prospéreraient /pʁɔs.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prospère /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospères /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospère /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
prospérions /pʁɔs.pe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
prospériez /pʁɔs.pe.ʁje/ |
prospèrent /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | prospérasse /pʁɔs.pe.ʁas/ |
prospérasses /pʁɔs.pe.ʁas/ |
prospérât /pʁɔs.pe.ʁa/ |
prospérassions /pʁɔs.pe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
prospérassiez /pʁɔs.pe.ʁa.sje/ |
prospérassent /pʁɔs.pe.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | prospère /pʁɔs.pɛʁ/ |
— | prospérons /pʁɔs.pe.ʁɔ̃/ |
prospérez /pʁɔs.pe.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “prospérer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).