protester
English
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /pɹəˈtestəɹ/, /ˈpɹoʊtestəɹ/
Noun
protester (plural protesters)
- One who protests, either singly or in a public display of group feeling.
- 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:
- The dispatches […] also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies. Having lectured the Arab world about democracy for years, its collusion in suppressing freedom was undeniable as protesters were met by weaponry and tear gas made in the west, employed by a military trained by westerners.
- The protesters thronged Trafalgar Square and sang anti-war songs.
-
- (law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.
- 1997, Charles Evan Stewart, Transnational Contracts (volume 1, page 96)
- The protester must also draw up an affidavit containing the literal reproduction of the bill with its acceptance, endorsements, guarantee by endorsement ("aval"), and anything else contained in the note […]
- 1997, Charles Evan Stewart, Transnational Contracts (volume 1, page 96)
Related terms
Translations
person who protests
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French
Etymology
From Latin prōtestārī, present active infinitive of prōtestor, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/
protester (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of protester (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | protestant /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | protesté /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | protester | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | protestant /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
protestes /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
protestons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/ |
protestez /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/ |
protestent /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
| imperfect | protestais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/ |
protestais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/ |
protestait /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/ |
protestions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
protestiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/ |
protestaient /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | protestai /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/ |
protestas /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/ |
protesta /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/ |
protestâmes /pʁɔ.tɛs.tam/ |
protestâtes /pʁɔ.tɛs.tat/ |
protestèrent /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | protesterai /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
protesteras /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
protestera /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
protesterons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
protesterez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
protesteront /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | protesterais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
protesterais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
protesterait /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
protesterions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
protesteriez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁje/ |
protesteraient /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
protestes /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
protestions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
protestiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/ |
protestent /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
| imperfect2 | protestasse /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/ |
protestasses /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/ |
protestât /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/ |
protestassions /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
protestassiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sje/ |
protestassent /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/ |
— | protestons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/ |
protestez /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “protester” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Middle French
Verb
protester
- to claim
- 1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:
- Lucillius, lequel protestoit n'escrire que a ses Tarentins & Consentinois
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of protester
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | protester | avoir protesté | |||||
| gerund | en protestant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | protestant | ||||||
| past participle | protesté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | proteste | protestes | proteste | protestons | protestez | protestent |
| imperfect | protestois, protestoys | protestois, protestoys | protestoit, protestoyt | protestions, protestyons | protestiez, protestyez | protestoient, protestoyent | |
| past historic | protesta | protestas | protesta | protestasmes | protestastes | protesterent | |
| future | protesterai, protesteray | protesteras | protestera | protesterons | protesterez | protesteront | |
| conditional | protesterois, protesteroys | protesterois, protesteroys | protesteroit, protesteroyt | protesterions, protesteryons | protesteriez, protesteryez | protesteroient, protesteroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | proteste | protestes | proteste | protestons | protestez | protestent |
| imperfect | protestasse | protestasses | protestast | protestassions | protestassiez | protestassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | proteste | — | protestons | protestez | — | ||
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