punoa
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *punodak, from Proto-Uralic *puna- (“to spin, twist”). Cognates include Estonian punuma, Northern Sami botnit and Hungarian fon.[1]
Conjugation
| Inflection of punoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | punon | en puno | 1st sing. | olen punonut | en ole punonut | |
| 2nd sing. | punot | et puno | 2nd sing. | olet punonut | et ole punonut | |
| 3rd sing. | punoo | ei puno | 3rd sing. | on punonut | ei ole punonut | |
| 1st plur. | punomme | emme puno | 1st plur. | olemme punoneet | emme ole punoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | punotte | ette puno | 2nd plur. | olette punoneet | ette ole punoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | punovat | eivät puno | 3rd plur. | ovat punoneet | eivät ole punoneet | |
| passive | punotaan | ei punota | passive | on punottu | ei ole punottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | punoin | en punonut | 1st sing. | olin punonut | en ollut punonut | |
| 2nd sing. | punoit | et punonut | 2nd sing. | olit punonut | et ollut punonut | |
| 3rd sing. | punoi | ei punonut | 3rd sing. | oli punonut | ei ollut punonut | |
| 1st plur. | punoimme | emme punoneet | 1st plur. | olimme punoneet | emme olleet punoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | punoitte | ette punoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte punoneet | ette olleet punoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | punoivat | eivät punoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat punoneet | eivät olleet punoneet | |
| passive | punottiin | ei punottu | passive | oli punottu | ei ollut punottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | punoisin | en punoisi | 1st sing. | olisin punonut | en olisi punonut | |
| 2nd sing. | punoisit | et punoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit punonut | et olisi punonut | |
| 3rd sing. | punoisi | ei punoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi punonut | ei olisi punonut | |
| 1st plur. | punoisimme | emme punoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme punoneet | emme olisi punoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | punoisitte | ette punoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte punoneet | ette olisi punoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | punoisivat | eivät punoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat punoneet | eivät olisi punoneet | |
| passive | punottaisiin | ei punottaisi | passive | olisi punottu | ei olisi punottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | puno | älä puno | 2nd sing. | ole punonut | älä ole punonut | |
| 3rd sing. | punokoon | älköön punoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon punonut | älköön olko punonut | |
| 1st plur. | punokaamme | älkäämme punoko | 1st plur. | olkaamme punoneet | älkäämme olko punoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | punokaa | älkää punoko | 2nd plur. | olkaa punoneet | älkää olko punoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | punokoot | älkööt punoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot punoneet | älkööt olko punoneet | |
| passive | punottakoon | älköön punottako | passive | olkoon punottu | älköön olko punottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | punonen | en punone | 1st sing. | lienen punonut | en liene punonut | |
| 2nd sing. | punonet | et punone | 2nd sing. | lienet punonut | et liene punonut | |
| 3rd sing. | punonee | ei punone | 3rd sing. | lienee punonut | ei liene punonut | |
| 1st plur. | punonemme | emme punone | 1st plur. | lienemme punoneet | emme liene punoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | punonette | ette punone | 2nd plur. | lienette punoneet | ette liene punoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | punonevat | eivät punone | 3rd plur. | lienevät punoneet | eivät liene punoneet | |
| passive | punottaneen | ei punottane | passive | lienee punottu | ei liene punottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | punoa | present | punova | punottava | ||
| long 1st2 | punoakseen | past | punonut | punottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | punoessa | punottaessa | agent1, 3 | punoma | |
| instructive | punoen | — | negative | punomaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | punomassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | punomasta | — | ||||
| illative | punomaan | — | ||||
| adessive | punomalla | — | ||||
| abessive | punomatta | — | ||||
| instructive | punoman | punottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | punominen | ||||
| partitive | punomista | |||||
| 5th2 | punomaisillaan | |||||
References
- Entry #812 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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