refraindre

Old French

Alternative forms

refreindre

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *refrangere, from Latin refringere, present active infinitive of refringō.

Verb

refraindre

(transitive) to hold back, to restrain
(reflexive, se refraindre) to restrain oneself, to refrain

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of refraindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		refraindre			avoir refraindé
gerund		en refraindant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		refraindant
past participle		refraindé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	refraint	refraindes	refrainde	refraindons	refraindez	refraindent
	imperfect	refraindoie, refraindeie, refraindoe, refraindeve	refraindoies, refraindeies, refraindoes, refraindeves	refraindoit, refraindeit, refraindot, refraindeve	refraindiiens, refraindiens	refraindiiez, refraindiez	refraindoient, refraindeient, refraindoent, refraindevent
	preterite	refraindai	refraindas	refrainda	refraindames	refraindastes	refrainderent
	future	refrainderai	refrainderas	refraindera	refrainderons	refrainderoiz, refraindereiz, refrainderez	refrainderont
	conditional	refrainderoie, refraindereie	refrainderoies, refraindereies	refrainderoit, refraindereit	refrainderiiens, refrainderiens	refrainderiiez, refrainderiez	refrainderoient, refraindereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	refraint	refrainz	refraint	refraindons	refraindez	refraindent
simple tenses	imperfect	refraindasse	refraindasses	refraindast	refraindissons, refraindissiens	refraindissoiz, refraindissez, refraindissiez	refraindassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	refrainde	—	refraindons	refraindez	—

Descendants

English: refrain (borrowed)
French: refrain

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