sꜣḫ

See also: sꜣḥ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜣḫ (“to be useful or effective”).

Pronunciation

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to make useful or effective

Inflection
Conjugation of sꜣḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜣḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sꜣḫt, sꜣḫ
 sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ
 sꜣḫt
 sꜣḫ
 sꜣḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sꜣḫ
 ḥr sꜣḫ
 m sꜣḫ
 r sꜣḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sꜣḫ.n
 sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ
 consecutive sꜣḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sꜣḫt
perfective3 sꜣḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative sꜣḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sꜣḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy
 sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy
 potentialis sꜣḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sꜣḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sꜣḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sꜣḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜣḫ
 sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5, sꜣḫy5
imperfective sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy, sꜣḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜣḫ, sꜣḫj6, sꜣḫy6
 sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5
prospective sꜣḫ, sꜣḫtj7
 — sꜣḫwtj1 4, sꜣḫtj4, sꜣḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.
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