sidérer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /si.de.ʁe/
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written sidérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written sidèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of sidérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | sidérant /si.de.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | sidéré /si.de.ʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | sidérer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | sidérant /si.de.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sidère /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidères /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidère /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidérons /si.de.ʁɔ̃/ |
sidérez /si.de.ʁe/ |
sidèrent /si.dɛʁ/ |
| imperfect | sidérais /si.de.ʁɛ/ |
sidérais /si.de.ʁɛ/ |
sidérait /si.de.ʁɛ/ |
sidérions /si.de.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sidériez /si.de.ʁje/ |
sidéraient /si.de.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | sidérai /si.de.ʁe/ |
sidéras /si.de.ʁa/ |
sidéra /si.de.ʁa/ |
sidérâmes /si.de.ʁam/ |
sidérâtes /si.de.ʁat/ |
sidérèrent /si.de.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | sidèrerai or sidérerai /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
sidèreras or sidéreras /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
sidèrera or sidérera /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
sidèrerons or sidérerons /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
sidèrerez or sidérerez /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
sidèreront or sidéreront /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | sidèrerais or sidérerais /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sidèrerais or sidérerais /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sidèrerait or sidérerait /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sidèrerions or sidérerions /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sidèreriez or sidéreriez /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ |
sidèreraient or sidéreraient /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sidère /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidères /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidère /si.dɛʁ/ |
sidérions /si.de.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sidériez /si.de.ʁje/ |
sidèrent /si.dɛʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | sidérasse /si.de.ʁas/ |
sidérasses /si.de.ʁas/ |
sidérât /si.de.ʁa/ |
sidérassions /si.de.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
sidérassiez /si.de.ʁa.sje/ |
sidérassent /si.de.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sidère /si.dɛʁ/ |
— | sidérons /si.de.ʁɔ̃/ |
sidérez /si.de.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “sidérer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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