sulkea
Finnish
(index su)
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sulkedak, from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?]. Cognate to Estonian sulgema, Karelian sulkie, Votic sulko (“cold, runny nose”), Erzya сёлгомс (sjolgoms, “to close”) and Moksha сёлгомс (sjolgoms, “to close”).
Verb
sulkea
- (transitive) to close, shut (a box; a door)
- (transitive) to turn off, to switch off (a machine)
Conjugation
| Inflection of sulkea (Kotus type 58/laskea, k-j gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | suljen | en sulje | 1st sing. | olen sulkenut | en ole sulkenut | |
| 2nd sing. | suljet | et sulje | 2nd sing. | olet sulkenut | et ole sulkenut | |
| 3rd sing. | sulkee | ei sulje | 3rd sing. | on sulkenut | ei ole sulkenut | |
| 1st plur. | suljemme | emme sulje | 1st plur. | olemme sulkeneet | emme ole sulkeneet | |
| 2nd plur. | suljette | ette sulje | 2nd plur. | olette sulkeneet | ette ole sulkeneet | |
| 3rd plur. | sulkevat | eivät sulje | 3rd plur. | ovat sulkeneet | eivät ole sulkeneet | |
| passive | suljetaan | ei suljeta | passive | on suljettu | ei ole suljettu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | suljin | en sulkenut | 1st sing. | olin sulkenut | en ollut sulkenut | |
| 2nd sing. | suljit | et sulkenut | 2nd sing. | olit sulkenut | et ollut sulkenut | |
| 3rd sing. | sulki | ei sulkenut | 3rd sing. | oli sulkenut | ei ollut sulkenut | |
| 1st plur. | suljimme | emme sulkeneet | 1st plur. | olimme sulkeneet | emme olleet sulkeneet | |
| 2nd plur. | suljitte | ette sulkeneet | 2nd plur. | olitte sulkeneet | ette olleet sulkeneet | |
| 3rd plur. | sulkivat | eivät sulkeneet | 3rd plur. | olivat sulkeneet | eivät olleet sulkeneet | |
| passive | suljettiin | ei suljettu | passive | oli suljettu | ei ollut suljettu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | sulkisin | en sulkisi | 1st sing. | olisin sulkenut | en olisi sulkenut | |
| 2nd sing. | sulkisit | et sulkisi | 2nd sing. | olisit sulkenut | et olisi sulkenut | |
| 3rd sing. | sulkisi | ei sulkisi | 3rd sing. | olisi sulkenut | ei olisi sulkenut | |
| 1st plur. | sulkisimme | emme sulkisi | 1st plur. | olisimme sulkeneet | emme olisi sulkeneet | |
| 2nd plur. | sulkisitte | ette sulkisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte sulkeneet | ette olisi sulkeneet | |
| 3rd plur. | sulkisivat | eivät sulkisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat sulkeneet | eivät olisi sulkeneet | |
| passive | suljettaisiin | ei suljettaisi | passive | olisi suljettu | ei olisi suljettu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | sulje | älä sulje | 2nd sing. | ole sulkenut | älä ole sulkenut | |
| 3rd sing. | sulkekoon | älköön sulkeko | 3rd sing. | olkoon sulkenut | älköön olko sulkenut | |
| 1st plur. | sulkekaamme | älkäämme sulkeko | 1st plur. | olkaamme sulkeneet | älkäämme olko sulkeneet | |
| 2nd plur. | sulkekaa | älkää sulkeko | 2nd plur. | olkaa sulkeneet | älkää olko sulkeneet | |
| 3rd plur. | sulkekoot | älkööt sulkeko | 3rd plur. | olkoot sulkeneet | älkööt olko sulkeneet | |
| passive | suljettakoon | älköön suljettako | passive | olkoon suljettu | älköön olko suljettu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | sulkenen | en sulkene | 1st sing. | lienen sulkenut | en liene sulkenut | |
| 2nd sing. | sulkenet | et sulkene | 2nd sing. | lienet sulkenut | et liene sulkenut | |
| 3rd sing. | sulkenee | ei sulkene | 3rd sing. | lienee sulkenut | ei liene sulkenut | |
| 1st plur. | sulkenemme | emme sulkene | 1st plur. | lienemme sulkeneet | emme liene sulkeneet | |
| 2nd plur. | sulkenette | ette sulkene | 2nd plur. | lienette sulkeneet | ette liene sulkeneet | |
| 3rd plur. | sulkenevat | eivät sulkene | 3rd plur. | lienevät sulkeneet | eivät liene sulkeneet | |
| passive | suljettaneen | ei suljettane | passive | lienee suljettu | ei liene suljettu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | sulkea | present | sulkeva | suljettava | ||
| long 1st2 | sulkeakseen | past | sulkenut | suljettu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | sulkiessa | suljettaessa | agent1, 3 | sulkema | |
| instructive | sulkien | — | negative | sulkematon | ||
| 3rd | inessive | sulkemassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | sulkemasta | — | ||||
| illative | sulkemaan | — | ||||
| adessive | sulkemalla | — | ||||
| abessive | sulkematta | — | ||||
| instructive | sulkeman | suljettaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | sulkeminen | ||||
| partitive | sulkemista | |||||
| 5th2 | sulkemaisillaan | |||||
Compounds
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