surgeler
French
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il surgèle rather than *il surgele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of surgeler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | surgelant /syʁ.ʒə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | surgelé /syʁ.ʒə.le/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | surgeler | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | surgelant /syʁ.ʒə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgèles /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgelons /syʁ.ʒə.lɔ̃/ |
surgelez /syʁ.ʒə.le/ |
surgèlent /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect | surgelais /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ |
surgelais /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ |
surgelait /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ |
surgelions /syʁ.ʒə.ljɔ̃/ |
surgeliez /syʁ.ʒə.lje/ |
surgelaient /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surgelai /syʁ.ʒə.le/ |
surgelas /syʁ.ʒə.la/ |
surgela /syʁ.ʒə.la/ |
surgelâmes /syʁ.ʒə.lam/ |
surgelâtes /syʁ.ʒə.lat/ |
surgelèrent /syʁ.ʒə.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | surgèlerai /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁe/ |
surgèleras /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁa/ |
surgèlera /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁa/ |
surgèlerons /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ |
surgèlerez /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁe/ |
surgèleront /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surgèlerais /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
surgèlerais /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
surgèlerait /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
surgèlerions /syʁ.ʒɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surgèleriez /syʁ.ʒɛ.lə.ʁje/ |
surgèleraient /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgèles /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
surgelions /syʁ.ʒə.ljɔ̃/ |
surgeliez /syʁ.ʒə.lje/ |
surgèlent /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | surgelasse /syʁ.ʒə.las/ |
surgelasses /syʁ.ʒə.las/ |
surgelât /syʁ.ʒə.la/ |
surgelassions /syʁ.ʒə.la.sjɔ̃/ |
surgelassiez /syʁ.ʒə.la.sje/ |
surgelassent /syʁ.ʒə.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
— | surgelons /syʁ.ʒə.lɔ̃/ |
surgelez /syʁ.ʒə.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “surgeler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.