toísech

Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ (tovisaci, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos (“leader”) (compare Welsh tywysog (“prince”)), from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtoːi̯sʲex/

Noun

toísech m (genitive toísig, nominative plural toísig)

  1. leader, chief
  2. first-mentioned thing or person

Declension
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative toísech toísechL toísigL
Vocative toísig toísechL toísechuH
Accusative toísechN toísechL toísechuH
Genitive toísigL toísech toísechN
Dative toísechL toísechaib toísechaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Adjective

toísech (comparative toísegu)

  1. first
  2. most important
  3. sooner

Declension
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative toísech toísech toísech
Vocative toísig*
toísech**
Accusative toísech toísig
Genitive toísig toísige toísig
Dative toísuch toísig toísuch
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative toísig toísecha
Vocative toísechu
toísecha†
Accusative toísechu
toísecha†
Genitive toísech
Dative toísechaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
toísech thoísech toísech
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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