vesper

From Old French vespre, from Latin vesper (“evening star”)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛspɚ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛspə/

vesper (plural vespers)

1. The bell that summons worshipers to vespers; the vesper-bell
2. (poetic) The evening.
3. A vesper martini.

• perves, preves

vespa +‎ -er. Compare Occitan vespièr, French guêpier, Portuguese vespeiro, Spanish avispero, Romanian viespar, Italian vespaio, Friulian gjespâr.

vesper m (plural vespers)

1. wasp nest
2. wasp group
3. (colloquial) complicated mess

• vespa

From Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos), Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ) and Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈwes.per/, [ˈwɛs.pɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈves.per/

vesper m (variously declined, genitive vesperī or vesperis); second declension, third declension

1. the evening or vespers
2. supper, dinner (evening meal)
3. (by extension) the evening star
4. (by extension) the West

• This noun can be declined in two paradigms; in classical Latin prose, only the singular forms were used (plural forms are found post-Classically), and the second declension forms prevailed except for the ablative. The forms vespere and vesperī were both used to mean "in the evening".

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er) or third-declension noun.

• vesperāscō
• vesperna
• vespertīliō
• vespertīnus
• vesperūgō

• vespera

• Dalmatian: viaspro
• Italian: vespro
• Old French: vespre, vespree
  • Middle French: vespre
    • French: vêpre
  • Norman: vêpe
  • → English: vesper
  • ⇒ Old French: vespres (oblique plural)
    • French: vêpres
    • → Middle English: vespers, vespres
      • English: vespers
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: vespre
• Old Portuguese:
  • Portuguese: véspero
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: véspero
• → Albanian: dhespër (or from Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos))
• → Old Irish: fescor
  • Irish: feascar
  • Manx: fastyr
  • Scottish Gaelic: feasgar

• vesper in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vesper in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vesper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette