Visa requirements for German citizens

Travel requirements for German citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany. As of May 2023, German citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 192 countries and territories. Ranking the German passport 2nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with Italy and Spain), and tied with the greatest access of all European Union member states along with Italy and Spain, according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] German Passport is also ranked 2nd by the Global Passport Power Rank.[2]

A German passport

A German identity card is valid for travel to most European countries

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for German citizens holding ordinary passports

Germany – Right of abode

Freedom of movement

Visa not required / eTA[3] / EASE[4] / NZeTA / eVisitor / K-ETA / ESTA / ETA[5]

Visa on arrival

eVisa

Visa available both on arrival or online

Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity
Afghanistan	Visa required[6]			✓
Albania	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	ID card valid.	X
Algeria	Visa required[6]			✓
Andorra	Visa not required[6][7]	90 days[8]	ID card valid.	✓
Angola	Visa not required[9]	30 days[9]	30 days extendable once.[9] Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested a pre-visa from an Angolan consulate abroad are issued a visa upon arrival at the country's border crossings.[9] Maximum total stay of 90 days within a one-year period.[10] Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[11] International Certificate of Vaccination required.[9]	X
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[6][12]	180 days[6][13]		X
Argentina	Visa not required[6][14]	90 days[6]		✓
Armenia	Visa not required[6][15]	180 days[6]		X
Australia	eVisitor[6][16]	90 days[6]	eVisitor is considered to be a visa under Australia law. 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted.	✓
Austria	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Azerbaijan	eVisa[6]	30 days[6][18]		X
Bahamas	Visa not required[6][19]	90 days[6][20]		X
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][21][22]	14 days[6][22]	Extendable for an additional 2 weeks.[22]	X
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[6]	30 days[6]		X
Barbados	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6][23]		X
Belarus	Visa not required[6][24]	30 days[6]	Visa not required if arriving and departing via Minsk International Airport, except for flights departing to and from Russian airports. The allowed length of stay is up to 30 days.[6][25] Currently suspended due to EU sanctions on Belarus, as the EU banned Belarusian carriers from flying into its airspace and prohibited EU-based airlines from flying through Belarusian airspace.[26][27][28] Visa not required for the single visa-free territory "Brest – Grodno". The allowed length of stay is up to 15 days.[29] Local travel agency issued document required prior to arrival.[30]	X
Belgium	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Belize	Visa not required[6][31]	30 days[32]		X
Benin	eVisa[6][33]	30 days[34]	Must have an international vaccination certificate.	X
Bhutan	eVisa[6][35]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Bolivia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 6-month period. ID card valid.	X
Botswana	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any-year period.	X
Brazil	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Brunei	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Bulgaria	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Burkina Faso	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][36]	30 days[6]		X
Burundi	Visa on arrival[6]	30 days[6]	From December 2021, passengers of all countries that required visa, can now obtain visa on arrival at Bujumbura International Airport, and all land borders.[37]	X
Cambodia	eVisa[6] / Visa on arrival[38]	30 days[6][38]	Visa is also obtainable online.[39]	X
Cameroon	eVisa[6][40]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Canada	eTA / Visa not required[6]	180 days[6]	eTA required if arriving by air.[41][42]	✓
Cape Verde	EASE[6][4]	30 days[6]	Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[4]	X
Central African Republic	Visa required[6]			✓
Chad	Visa required[6]			✓
Chile	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		✓
China	Visa required[6]		24-hour visa-free transit through China (unless arriving in Fuzhou, Huangshan, Mudanjiang, Shenzhen or Yanji). 72-hour visa-free transit through Changsha, Guilin and Harbin. 144-hour visa-free transit through Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jieyang, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xiamen and Xi'an.[43] Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan count as third countries under the 24, 72 and 144-hours transit without visa (TWOV) policies.	✓
Colombia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days – extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.	✓
Comoros	Visa on arrival[6]	45 days[6]		X
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[6]		Visa not required if Passengers with a V.I.P invitation letter.	✓
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa[44][45]	7 days	eVisa according to the Passport Index.[6]	✓
Costa Rica	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[46]	90 days[6]	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.	X
Croatia	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Cuba	Tourist card required[6]	90 days[47]	Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.	✓
Cyprus	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Czech Republic	Freedom of movement[48][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Denmark	Freedom of movement[49][17] (in mainland Denmark)	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Djibouti	eVisa[6][50]			X
Dominica	Visa not required[6]	180 days[6]		X
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[6]	90 days		X
Ecuador	Visa not required	90 days[6]		X
Egypt	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][51]	30 days[6]	ID card valid, passport type photo is required on arrival[52]	X
El Salvador	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Equatorial Guinea	eVisa[6][53]			✓
Eritrea	Visa required[6]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Estonia	Freedom of movement[54][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Eswatini	Visa not required[6]	30 days[6]		X
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6]	90 days[6]	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[55] eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days.[56]	X
Fiji	Visa not required[6]	120 days[6]		X
Finland	Freedom of movement[57][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
France	Freedom of movement[58][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid (including in Overseas France).[17]	✓
Gabon	eVisa[6][59]	90 days	Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[60]	X
Gambia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Georgia	Visa not required[6]	360 days[6]	ID card valid.	X
Ghana	Visa required[6]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Greece	Freedom of movement[61][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Grenada	Visa not required[6][62]	90 days[6][62]		✓
Guatemala	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Guinea	eVisa[6][63]	90 days[6]		X
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[6]	90 days		X
Guyana	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Haiti	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Honduras	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Hungary	Freedom of movement[64][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Iceland	Freedom of movement[65][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
India	eVisa[6][66]	30 days[6]	e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][67] An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year. Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an eVisa. [68] Former Indian citizens with an OCI (Overseas Citizen Of India) cards are eligible for unlimited travel and stay.[69]	X
Indonesia	e-VOA / Visa on arrival[6]	30 days[70][71]		X
Iran	eVisa[6]	30 days[6][72]	Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's E-Visa website[73] and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.[74]	X
Iraq	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6]	60 days[6][75]	Visa not required for up to 30 days to Iraqi Kurdistan. On 15 March 2021 the Iraqi government lifted pre-arrival visa requirements, allowing EU citizens to apply for visa on arrival in any entry point.[76]	X
Ireland	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Israel	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	3 months for tourism only.[77] German citizens born before 1 January 1928 need a visa which will be issued for free if one was not a member of the Nazi party or involved in crimes committed during the time of Nazi Germany.	X
Italy	Freedom of movement[78][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Jamaica	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Japan	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Jordan	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][79]		Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)	X
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[6]	30 days[6][80]		X
Kenya	eVisa[6][81][82]	90 days[6]		X
Kiribati	Visa not required[6]	120 days[6]		X
North Korea	Visa required[6]			✓
South Korea	Electronic Travel Authorization[6]	90 days[6]	The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[83]	✓
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][84]	90 days[6]		X
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[6]	60 days[6]		X
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][85]	30 days[6]	Visa on arrival is available at Luangphabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 3] and 6 border crossings.[Note 4][86] Visa on arrival facilities are being gradually phased out since January 2020.[87] eVisa may be used to enter Laos through Luangphabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 5] and in Boten (road and railroad).[88] 17[Note 6] of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders.[86] Visa on arrival is extendable for an additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane.[89]	X
Latvia	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival[6][90]	30 days[6]	Extendable for 2 additional months. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non-refundable return or circle trip ticket.	X
Lesotho	eVisa / Visa not required[6][91]	44 days / 14 days[6][92]		X
Liberia	Visa required[6]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Libya	Visa required[6]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Liechtenstein	Freedom of movement[93][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Lithuania	Freedom of movement[94][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Luxembourg	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][95]	60 days[6]		X
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][96]	30 days[6]		X
Malaysia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[6]	30 days[6]		X
Mali	Visa required[6]			✓
Malta	Freedom of movement[97][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Marshall Islands	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period	X
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[6]	30 days[98]		X
Mauritius	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Mexico	Visa not required[6]	180 days[6]		X
Micronesia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period	X
Moldova	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period ID card valid.	X
Monaco	Visa not required[6]	3 months[99]	ID card valid.	✓
Mongolia	Visa not required[6]	30 days[6]		X
Montenegro	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	ID card valid for 30 days.	X
Morocco	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Mozambique	Visa not required[6][100]	30 days	Travelers must register on the e-Visa platform at least 48 hours prior to travel and pay a processing fee of 650 MT.	X
Myanmar	eVisa / visa on arrival[6]	28 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. eVisa available for both tourism (allowed stay is 28 days) or business (allowed stay is 70 days) purposes.	X
Namibia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	3 months within a calendar year.	X
Nauru	Visa required[6]			✓
Nepal	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][101]	90 days[6]		X
Netherlands	Freedom of movement (European Netherlands)[102][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
New Zealand	NZeTA[6]	90 days[6]	NZeTA is an electronic travel permit but not legally a visa. May enter using eGate.[103] International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[104] Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[105] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[104]	✓
Nicaragua	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Niger	Visa required[6]			✓
Nigeria	eVisa[106]	90 days	Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by the Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided they hold a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and have an invitation letter from a Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities.[107]	X
North Macedonia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	ID card valid.	X
Norway	Freedom of movement[108][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Oman	Visa not required / eVisa[109][6]	14 days / 30 days[6]	Holders of diplomatic or official passports is up to 90 days.	X
Pakistan	ETA / Online Visa[6][110]	30 days / 3 months[6]	Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[111] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[112] Online Visa eligible.[113]	X
Palau	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Panama	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Papua New Guinea	eVisa[6][114]	60 days[6]	Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul).	X
Paraguay	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		✓
Peru	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 6-month period[115]	✓
Philippines	Visa not required[6]	30 days[6]		X
Poland	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Portugal	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Qatar	Visa not required[116]	90 days[6]		X
Romania	Freedom of movement[117][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Russia	eVisa[118]	16 days	e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[118]	X
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][119]	30 days[6]		X
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Samoa	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
San Marino	Visa not required[6]	3 months[120]	ID card valid.	✓
São Tomé and Príncipe	Visa not required[6]	15 days[6]		X
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][121][122]	90 days[6]		X
Senegal	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Serbia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 6-month period. ID card valid.	X
Seychelles	Visa not required[6][123]	90 days[6][124]		X
Sierra Leone	eVisa / Visa on arrival[125][126][127]	3 months / 30 days		X
Singapore	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Slovakia	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Slovenia	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Solomon Islands	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Somalia	Visa on arrival[6]	30 days[6]	Available at Berbera, Borama, Burao, Erigavo and Hargeisa airports. 30 days, available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.	X
South Africa	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
South Sudan	eVisa[6][128]	90 days[128]	Obtainable online[129] Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[129]	X
Spain	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Sri Lanka	ETA / Visa on arrival[130]	6 months[130]	Electronic Travel Authorization can also be obtained on arrival.[131] 30 days[6] extendable to 6 months.[130]	X
Sudan	Visa required[6]			✓
Suriname	Visa not required[6][132]	90 days[6]	An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[133] Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[134]	X
Sweden	Freedom of movement[135][17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Switzerland	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]	✓
Syria	Visa required[6]			✓
Tajikistan	Visa not required[6][136]	30 days[6]	Visa also available online. E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[137]	X
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6][138]	3 months		X
Thailand	Visa not required[6]	30 days[6]	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.	X
Timor-Leste	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Togo	eVisa[6][139]	15 days[6]		X
Tonga	Visa not required[6][140]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Tunisia	Visa not required[6]	120 days[6][141]	ID card valid in certain cases.	X
Turkey	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	ID card valid.[142] Former Turkish citizens with a Turkish "Blue Card" (Mavi Kart): Freedom of movement.[143]	X
Turkmenistan	Visa required[6]		Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.	✓
Tuvalu	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Uganda	eVisa[6][144]	3 months[145]	May apply online.[146]	X
Ukraine	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
United Arab Emirates	Visa not required[6][147]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
United Kingdom	Visa not required[6][148]	180 days[6]		X
United States	Visa Waiver Program[6][149]	90 days[6]	ESTA is an electronic travel permit but not legally a visa. The validity period is 2 years from the date of approval.[150] Since 1 October 2022, ESTA is now required for any entry by air, cruise ship, and land[151]	✓
Uruguay	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		✓
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[6][152][153]	30 days[6]		X
Vanuatu	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	90 days within any 180-day period.	X
Vatican City	Visa not required[6]	1 day[154]	ID card valid.	✓
Venezuela	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]		X
Vietnam	Visa not required[6] / eVisa[155]	45 days[6] / 90 days[155]	A single entry eVisa valid for 90 days is also available.[155] Without visa, 30 days need to pass between exit and re-entry.	X
Yemen	Visa required[6]			✓
Zambia	Visa not required[6]	90 days[6]	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.	X
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[6]	3 months[6]	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.	X

List of territories, disputed areas or restricted zones

Visa requirements for German citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
Abkhazia	Visa required[156]
Mount Athos	Special permit required	4 days	Special permit required (25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[157][158]
Brest and Grodno	Visa not required	Visa-free for 10 days[159]
Republic of Crimea	Visa required		Visa issued by Russia is required.[160]
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months[161]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[162]		Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Donetsk People's Republic	Russian multiple entry visa required		According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs[163] of the DPR, foreigners can only access the Donetsk People's Republic through international checkpoints located on the border with Russia.[164] As arrivals through those uncontrolled checkpoints are against Ukrainian law, visitors will not be able to proceed further into Ukraine.[165]
Faroe Islands	Visa not required[166]
Gibraltar	Visa not required[167]	6 months from January 2021
Guernsey	Visa not required[168]	6 months from January 2021
Isle of Man	Visa not required[169]	6 months from January 2021
Jan Mayen	Permit required		Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[170] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[171]
Jersey	Visa not required[172]	6 months from January 2021
Kosovo	Visa not required[6]	90 days[173]	ID card valid
Lugansk People's Republic	Russian multiple entry visa required		Arrival through checkpoints on uncontrolled part of Russia–Ukraine border are against Ukrainian law, visitors will not be able to proceed further into Ukraine.[174]
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Visa required[175][176]		Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[177]
Russia	Special authorization required		Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[178]
South Ossetia	Russian multiple entry visa required		Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[179][180]
Transnistria	Visa not required		Registration required after 24h.[181][182]
Africa
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required		Special permit required.[183]
Canary Islands	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required		To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[184]
Madeira	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]
Mayotte	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[185][17]	ID card valid.[17]
Ascension Island	eVisa[186][187]	3 months within any year period.
Réunion	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[185][17]	ID card valid.[17]
Saint Helena	Visitor's Pass required		Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[188]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required		Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[189]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Visa not required	90 days	Same visa regime as Morocco.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[190][191]
Sudan	Travel permit required		All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur	Travel permit required		Separate travel permit is required.[192]
Asia
Hainan	Visa not required	30 days	Individual tourists need to select a tour agency and inform them their schedule.[193][194]
Hong Kong	Visa not required	90 days[195]
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required		Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[196][197][198][199][200][201]
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival	15 days	Visa on arrival is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[202]
Kazakhstan	Special permission required		Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[203]
Kish Island	Visa not required		Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[204]
Macao	Visa not required	90 days[205]
Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required		These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[206]
Maldives	Permission required		With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[207]
North Korea outside Pyongyang	Special permit required		People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
Palestine	Permit required		Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[209]
Taiwan	Visa not required	90 days[210]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OVIR permit required		OVIR permit required, can be obtained with e-visa application for an additional $20. Locally it may be obtained for 15+5 Tajikistani Somoni. Another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[211][212][213]
Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required		Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[214][215][216]
Turkmenistan	Special permit required		A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[217]
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone
Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days[218]
Yemen	Special permission required		Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[219]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Açores	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[17]	ID card valid.[17]
Anguilla	Visa not required	3 months[220]
Aruba	Visa not required	30 days, extendable to 180 days[221][222]
Bermuda	Visa not required	Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[223]
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba	Visa not required	3 months[224][225]
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required	30 days, extensions possible[226]
Cayman Islands	Visa not required	6 months[227]
San Andrés and Leticia	Tourist Card on arrival		Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[228]
Curacao	Visa not required	3 months[229]
Greenland	Visa not required[49]		ID card valid (de facto).
Guadeloupe	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[185][17]	ID card valid[17]
Margarita Island	Visa not required		All visitors are fingerprinted.[230]
Montserrat	Visa not required	6 months[231][232]
Puerto Rico	ESTA[233]	90 days (same as US)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Visa not required		ID card valid.
Sint Maarten	Visa not required	3 months[234][235]
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required	90 days[236]
U.S. Virgin Islands	ESTA[237]	90 days (same as US)
Oceania
American Samoa	Electronic authorization[238]	30 days
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Special authorisation required		Special authorisation required.[239]
Clipperton Island	Special permit required		Special permit required.[240]
Cook Islands	Visa not required	31 days[241]
Lau Province	Special permission required		Special permission required.[242]
Guam	ESTA[243]	90 days (same as US)
New Caledonia	Visa not required		ID card valid
Niue	Visa on arrival	30 days[244]
Northern Mariana Islands	ESTA[245]		Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days	Landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[246][247][248]
French Polynesia	Visa not required		ID card valid
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required		Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[249][250][251][252][253][254][255]
Wallis and Futuna	Visa not required		ID card valid
South America
French Guiana	Freedom of movement[17]	Unlimited stay[185][17]	ID card valid[17]
Galápagos	Online pre-registration required		Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[256]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Falkland Islands	Visa not required[257]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required		Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[258][259]
British Antarctic Territory	Special permit required[260][261]
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	Special permits required[262][263][264]
Argentine Antarctica	Special permit required[265]
Australian Antarctic Territory	Special permit required[266]
Ross Dependency	Special permit required[267]
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	Special permit required[268]
Chilean Antarctic Territory	Special permit required
Peter I Island	Special permit required[269]
Queen Maud Land	Special permit required[270]

History

Visa requirements for German citizens were lifted by Zambia (1 October 2022),[271] Oman (9 December 2020, previously visa on arrival),[272] Uzbekistan (15 January 2019),[153] Cape Verde (1 January 2019),[273] Belarus (February 2017),[274] Solomon Islands (October 2016),[275] Tuvalu (July 2016),[276] Marshall Islands (June 2016),[277] Palau (December 2015),[278] Tonga (November 2015),[140] São Tomé and Príncipe (August 2015),[279] Vietnam (July 2015 – June 30, 2021 at least),[280] Indonesia (June 2015),[281][282] United Arab Emirates, Timor-Leste, Samoa (May 2015),[283][284][285][286] Kazakhstan (July 2014),[287] Mongolia (September 2013)[288] and Kyrgyzstan (July 2012).[289]

German citizens were made eligible for eVisas by Russia (January 2021, suspended during COVID-19 pandemic, previously only Kaliningrad and Far East),[290] Guinea and Malawi (October 2019), Saudi Arabia (September 2019), Suriname and Pakistan (April 2019), Tanzania and Papua New Guinea (November 2018),[291] Angola (March 2018), Djibouti (February 2018),[292] Egypt (December 2017),[293] Azerbaijan (January 2017),[294] Tajikistan (June 2016),[295][296] India (e-Tourist visa from November 2014)[297] and Myanmar (September 2014).[298]

Vaccination requirements

Vaccination requirements map

Certain countries and territories require travellers arriving from Germany to be vaccinated against specific diseases. This is a map of vaccination requirements for German citizens and residents arriving directly from the Schengen area, excluding those arriving from third countries.

Vaccination requirements for travellers arriving from Germany

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135) required

Polio vaccination required

Yellow fever vaccination required

Vaccination not required

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135)

Meningococcal vaccination requirements for international travel[299]
Country or territory	Details
Gambia	All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (ACYW135) upon arrival.[300]
Indonesia	Travellers arriving from or departing to Saudi Arabia must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135.[301]
Lebanon	Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers departing Lebanon and going to Hajj, Umrah, and to certain African countries.[302]
Libya	All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 upon arrival.[303]
Philippines	Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers going to Hajj and Umrah (in Saudi Arabia).[304]
Saudi Arabia	Proof of vaccination is required for travellers 2 years of age and older who are Hajj or Umrah pilgrims and seasonal or pilgrim workers in Hajj and Umrah areas. Vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW135 (either polysaccharide or conjugate) must be issued not less than 10 days before arrival and not more than 3 years (polysaccharide vaccine) or 5 years (conjugate vaccine) before arrival. The immunisation certificate should clearly state if the traveller was vaccinated with the conjugate vaccine for the 5-year validity to apply.[305] Vaccination is also required for domestic pilgrims, residents of Mecca and Medina, and any persons participating in Hajj or Umrah or seasonal or pilgrimage work in Hajj and Umrah zones. At the discretion of the Ministry of Health, travellers may be administered prophylactic antibiotics upon arrival.[305]

Polio vaccination

Polio vaccination requirements for international travel[299]
Country	Details
Afghanistan	Travellers from polio-endemic countries (Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Afghanistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) when departing from Afghanistan.[299][306]
Belize	Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Belize residents travelling countries with confirmed polio cases also need proof of vaccination.[307]
Brunei	Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[308]
Egypt	Travellers from Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, China, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Somalia need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[309]
Georgia	Travellers from at-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof are offered OPV vaccination upon arrival.[310]
India	Travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, and Syria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[311]
Iran	Travellers from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival.[312]
Iraq	Travellers aged 15+ from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival; children under age 15 must have received three doses of polio vaccine before travel. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival. Travellers departing Iraq to Afghanistan and Pakistan must also provide proof of vaccination upon departure.[313]
Jordan	Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[314]
Lebanon	Travellers from and to polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[315]
Libya	Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[316]
Maldives	Travellers from and to polio-exporting countries, as well as Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[317]
Morocco	Travellers from polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[318]
Nepal	Travellers from Afghanistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Papua New Guinea need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[319]
Oman	Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[320]
Pakistan	Travellers from ALL countries planning to stay in Pakistan for more than 4 weeks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV vaccination upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Pakistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of OPV vaccination when departing from Pakistan.[299][321]
Philippines	Travellers from or to high-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination upon arrival or before departure, respectively.[299] Due to an ongoing local VDPV2 outbreak, the government recommends all others travellers to consider getting a polio vaccine or booster dose, depending on their situation.[322]
Qatar	Travellers from polio-exporting countries (identified by Qatar as: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Philippines) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[323]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Travellers from polio-endemic countries as identified by WHO (Afghanistan and Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[299][324]
Saudi Arabia	Travellers from active-transmission (including wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus) and at-risk countries, as well as all travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Regardless of immunisation status, all travellers from Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen will be given an Oral Polio Vaccine dose upon arrival.[325]
Seychelles	Travellers from countries with polio outbreaks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[326]
Syria	Travellers from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. ALL Syria residents departing Syria to any country also need proof of vaccination.[327]
Ukraine	Long-term visitors departing to states with wild or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus transmission should present Carte Jaune proof of vaccination with at least one dose of bivalent OPV or IPV (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure). Persons obliged to undertake urgent international travel must be immunised with a single dose of polio vaccine before their departure.[299] There is also risk of poliovirus transmission inside Ukraine itself, and travellers to Ukraine are recommended to be up to date with their polio vaccination before entry.[328]

Yellow fever vaccination

Yellow fever vaccination requirements for international travel (July 2019)[299]
Country or territory	Status	Vaccination required for travellers coming from	Traveller age
Albania	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Algeria	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Angola	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Antigua and Barbuda	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Argentina	Risk provinces: Misiones, Corrientes	No[note 2]	–
Aruba	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Australia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Bahamas	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Bahrain	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Bangladesh	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Barbados	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Belize	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Benin	Risk country	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Bolivia	Risk country	Risk countries	1 year or older
Bonaire	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Botswana	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Brazil	Risk country	No[note 2]	–
Brunei	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Burkina Faso	Risk country	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Burundi	Risk country	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Cabo Verde	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Cambodia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Cameroon	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Central African Republic	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Chad	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
China	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Christmas Island	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Colombia	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Congo-Brazzaville	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Congo-Kinshasa	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Costa Rica	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
Côte d'Ivoire	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Cuba	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Curaçao	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Dominica	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Dominican Republic	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Ecuador	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Egypt	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
El Salvador	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Equatorial Guinea	Risk country	Risk countries	9 months or older
Eritrea	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Eswatini	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Ethiopia	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Fiji	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
French Guiana	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
French Polynesia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Gabon	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
Gambia	Risk country	Risk countries	9 months or older
Ghana	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Grenada	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Guadeloupe	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Guatemala	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Guinea	Risk country	Risk countries	9 months or older
Guinea-Bissau	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
Guyana	Risk country	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Haiti	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Honduras	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
India	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Indonesia	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
Iran	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Iraq	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Jamaica	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Jordan	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Kenya	Risk country	Risk countries	1 year or older
Kyrgyzstan	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Laos	No risk	Risk countries	Unknown
Lesotho	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	6 months or older
Liberia	Risk country	Risk countries	9 months or older
Libya	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Madagascar	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Malawi	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Malaysia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Maldives	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Mali	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
Malta	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Martinique	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Mauritania	Risk country	Risk countries	1 year or older
Mayotte	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Montserrat	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Mozambique	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Myanmar	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Namibia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Nepal	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
New Caledonia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Nicaragua	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Niger	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
Nigeria	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Niue	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
North Korea	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Oman	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Pakistan	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Panama	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Papua New Guinea	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Paraguay	Risk country	Risk countries	1 year or older
Peru	Risk country	No[note 2]	–
Philippines	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Pitcairn Islands	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Rwanda	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Saint Barthélemy	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Saint Helena	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Saint Kitts and Nevis	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Saint Lucia	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
Saint Martin	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	No risk	Risk countries	1 year or older
Samoa	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
São Tomé and Príncipe	No risk	Risk countries[note 3]	1 year or older
Saudi Arabia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Senegal	Risk country	Risk countries[note 3]	9 months or older
Seychelles	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Sierra Leone	Risk country	All countries	Unknown
Singapore	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Sint Eustatius	No risk	Risk countries	6 months or older
Sint Maarten	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
Solomon Islands	No risk	Risk countries	9 months or older
Somalia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
South Africa	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
South Sudan	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Sri Lanka	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Sudan	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Suriname	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Tanzania	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Thailand	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Togo	Risk country	All countries	9 months or older
Trinidad and Tobago	Risk region: Trinidad	Risk countries	1 year or older
Uganda	Risk country	All countries	1 year or older
United Arab Emirates	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Venezuela	Risk country	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Wallis and Futuna	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Zambia	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	1 year or older
Zimbabwe	No risk	Risk countries[note 1]	9 months or older
Also required for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through a risk country's airport. The WHO has designated (parts of) Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever. Also required for travellers having transited any time through a risk country's airport.

COVID-19 vaccination

Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[329] This is justified by research that shows that the Pfizer vaccine effect lasts for six months or so.[330]

Passport requirements

Passport not required

German identity card is valid for these countries :

EU and Europe (except Belarus, Russia, the United Kingdom [for tourism] and Ukraine)
Egypt
French overseas territories
Georgia
Greenland (de facto)
Montserrat (max. 14 days)
Tunisia (on organised tours)
Turkey
United Kingdom (individuals with pre-settled or settled status, frontier-worker permit or are a Swiss service provider can continue using national identity cards)

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[331] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[332][333] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[334]

Some countries, such as Japan,[335] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[336] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[337] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[338] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[339] Philippines,[340] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[341]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[342] and South Africa.

Medical passport

Many African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[343] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[344]

Entry bans

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[345] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[346]

For example, Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens that have previously entered Azerbaijan through non-Azerbaijani controlled borders. This includes the illegal entry into the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[347] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding Armenian-occupied territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[348] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[349] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[350] Lebanon,[351] Libya,[352] Syria,[353] and Yemen[354] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[355]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[356][357] Argentina,[358] Brunei, Cambodia,[359] China,[360] Ethiopia,[361] Ghana, Guinea,[362] India, Japan,[363][364] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[365] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[366] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[367] Singapore, South Korea,[368] Taiwan, Thailand,[369] Uganda,[370] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[371][372][373] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[374]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[375] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[376][377] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[378] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[379][380]

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

In a non-EU country where there is no German embassy, German citizens, like all other EU citizens, have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.

Diplomatic missions of Germany

Annotations, References and Notes

References

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Notes

- Ahmedabad
- Amritsar
- Bagdogra
- Bengaluru
- Chandigarh
- Chennai
- Coimbatore
- Delhi
- Gaya
- Goa
- Guwahati
- Hyderabad
- Jaipur
- Kochi
- Kolkata
- Kozhikode
- Lucknow
- Madurai
- Mangaluru
- Mumbai
- Nagpur
- Pune
- Thiruvananthapuram
- Tiruchirappalli
- Varanasi
- Visakhapatnam
- Cochin
- Goa
- Mangalore
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammouane
- Bokeo
- Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Bokeo
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Lantui - Baka (China)
- Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Phoudou (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
- Lalai (Vietnam)
- Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
- Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
- Savannakhet Airport

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[12+_hour_transit-335] Also required for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through a risk country's airport.

[ArBrPe-336] The WHO has designated (parts of) Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.

[any_transit-337] Also required for travellers having transited any time through a risk country's airport.

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[KSA-311] "Saudi Arabia Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[312] "Afghanistan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 1 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[313] "Belize Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[314] "Brunei Darussalam Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[315] "Egypt Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[316] "Georgia Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[317] "India Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[318] "Iran Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[319] "Iraq Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[320] "Jordan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[321] "Lebanon Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[322] "Libya Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[323] "Maldives Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[324] "Morocco Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[325] "Nepal Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[326] "Oman Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[327] "Pakistan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[328] "Philippines Recommended Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[329] "Qatar Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[330] "Saint Kitts & Nevis Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[331] "Saudi Arabia Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[332] "Seychelles Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[333] "Syria Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[334] "Ukraine Recommended Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[338] Strong, Matthew (17 August 2021). "Palau limits travel bubble with Taiwan to already vaccinated or registered vaccine tourists". Taiwan News. Retrieved 18 August 2021. Only travellers already vaccinated and those registered to receive COVID-19 shots in Palau will be allowed to take part in the travel bubble with Taiwan, the Pacific island nation announced Tuesday (Aug. 17).

[339] Ian, Sample (1 April 2021). "Pfizer vaccine has 91% efficacy for up to six months, trial shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2021. He said scientists had become "terribly worried" about the variant's ability to evade immunity from previous infection or vaccination. "Studies like this confirm our sense that the vaccine gives such massive protective headroom that even with some loss of immunity, you're still safe," he said.

[340] "Country Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[341] "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

[342] "How long should my passport be valid when traveling to the United States?" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

[343] "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport

[344] "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in New Zealand. Retrieved 17 March 2021. 15. How long does my passport need to be valid in order to enter Japan? Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.

[345] "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.

[346] Bahrain government website

[347] "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".

[348] "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.

[349] "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.

[350] Timatic

[351] "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.

[352] "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.

[353] Agence régionale de sante Guyane (2 September 2018). "Fièvre jaune" (in French). Retrieved 27 August 2019.

[354] Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions

[355] "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2020.

[NCSJ-356] "Azerbaijan Country Page of the NCSJ (advocates on behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States & Eurasia) accessed 23 May 2010". Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2010.

[357] "Warning for the foreign nationals wishing to travel to the occupied territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

[358] "List of foreign citizens illegally visited occupied territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2019.

[359] "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

[360] Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine

[361] "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

[362] Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism

[363] "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

[364] Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.

[365] "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.

[nytimes-366] Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.

[367] "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.

[368] "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com.

[369] "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..

[auswaertiges-amt.de-370] "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.

[371] "Visa". paf.gov.gn.

[372] "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

[373] "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 26 October 2007.

[374] "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry

[countryrep1-375] "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[376] "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

[377] F_161. "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

[378] "National News Bureau of Thailand".

[379] AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

[380] Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.

[381] Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.

[382] Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.

[383] Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

[384] "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

[385] "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.

[386] "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

[387] Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.

[388] "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.

[389] Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.

[Airports-67] Ahmedabad

Amritsar

Bagdogra

Bengaluru

Chandigarh

Chennai

Coimbatore

Delhi

Gaya

Goa

Guwahati

Hyderabad

Jaipur

Kochi

Kolkata

Kozhikode

Lucknow

Madurai

Mangaluru

Mumbai

Nagpur

Pune

Thiruvananthapuram

Tiruchirappalli

Varanasi

Visakhapatnam

[385] Ahmedabad

[386] Amritsar

[387] Bagdogra

[388] Bengaluru

[389] Chandigarh

[390] Chennai

[391] Coimbatore

[392] Delhi

[393] Gaya

[394] Goa

[395] Guwahati

[396] Hyderabad

[397] Jaipur

[398] Kochi

[399] Kolkata

[400] Kozhikode

[401] Lucknow

[402] Madurai

[403] Mangaluru

[404] Mumbai

[405] Nagpur

[406] Pune

[407] Thiruvananthapuram

[408] Tiruchirappalli

[409] Varanasi

[410] Visakhapatnam

[Seaports-68] Cochin

Goa

Mangalore

[412] Cochin

[413] Goa

[414] Mangalore

[Friendship_Bridges-88] Vientiane

Savannakhet

Khammouane

Bokeo

[416] Vientiane

[417] Savannakhet

[418] Khammouane

[419] Bokeo

[border_crossings._Laos-89] Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)

Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)

Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)

Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)

Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)

Boten - Bo han (China)

[421] Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)

[422] Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)

[423] Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)

[424] Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)

[425] Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)

[426] Boten - Bo han (China)

[eVisa_Friendship_Bridges-92] Vientiane

Savannakhet

Bokeo

[428] Vientiane

[429] Savannakhet

[430] Bokeo

[Only_visa_border_crossings-94] Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)

Lantui - Baka (China)

Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)

Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)

Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)

Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)

Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)

Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)

Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)

Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)

Phoudou (Thailand)

Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)

Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

Lalai (Vietnam)

Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)

Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)

Savannakhet Airport

[432] Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)

[433] Lantui - Baka (China)

[434] Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)

[435] Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)

[436] Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)

[437] Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)

[438] Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)

[439] Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)

[440] Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)

[441] Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)

[442] Phoudou (Thailand)

[443] Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)

[444] Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

[445] Lalai (Vietnam)

[446] Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)

[447] Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)

[448] Savannakhet Airport

Visa policy by country
Visa Passport Travel document
Africa	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Djibouti Egypt⁶ Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea-Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria R Congo Rwanda Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha¹ São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland³ South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Americas	Anguilla¹ Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda¹ Bolivia Brazil British Virgin Islands¹ Canada Cayman Islands¹ Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Dutch Caribbean (Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten) Ecuador El Salvador Falkland Islands¹ Greenland⁵ Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Montserrat¹ Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands¹ Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands¹ United States Puerto Rico⁴ Virgin Islands⁴ Uruguay Venezuela
Asia	Abkhazia² ³ Afghanistan Akrotiri and Dhekelia¹ ² Armenia² Azerbaijan² Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Hong Kong Macau Cyprus² East Timor Egypt⁶ Georgia² India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan² Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Northern Cyprus² ³ Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Russia² Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea South Ossetia² Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan (Republic of China)³ Tajikistan Thailand Turkey² Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Abkhazia² ³ Akrotiri and Dhekelia¹ ² Albania Andorra Armenia² Austria Azerbaijan² Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus² Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland Estonia Finland France Overseas Georgia² Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan² Kosovo³ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Overseas North Macedonia Northern Cyprus² ³ Norway Svalbard Poland Portugal Romania Russia² San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia South Ossetia² ³ Spain Sweden Switzerland Transnistria³ Turkey² Ukraine United Kingdom Overseas Vatican City
Oceania	American Samoa⁴ Australia Cook Islands Fiji Guam⁴ Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Niue Northern Mariana Islands⁴ Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands¹ Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
¹ British Overseas Territories. ² These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. ³ Partially recognized. ⁴ Unincorporated territory of the United States. ⁵ Part of the Kingdom of Denmark. ⁶ Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.

Visa requirements by citizenship
Visa Passport Travel document
Africa	Algerian Angolan Beninese Botswana Burkinabe Burundian Cameroonian Cape Verdean Central African Chadian Comorian Congolese (Democratic Republic) Congolese (Republic) Djiboutian Egyptian⁴ Equatorial Guinean Eritrean Ethiopian Gabonese Gambian Ghanaian Guinea-Bissauan Guinean Ivorian Kenyan Lesothan Liberian Libyan Malagasy Malawian Malian Mauritanian Mauritian Moroccan Mozambican Namibian Nigerian Nigerien Rwandan Saint Helena¹ Santomean Senegalese Seychellois Sierra Leonean Somali (Somaliland) South African South Sudanese Sudanese Swazi Tanzanian Togolese Tunisian Ugandan Zambian Zimbabwean
Americas	Anguillan¹ Antigua and Barbuda Argentine Bahamian Barbadian Belizean Bermudian¹ Bolivian Brazilian British Virgin Islands¹ Canadian Caymanian¹ Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuadorian Greenlandic Grenadian Guatemalan Guyanese Haitian Honduran Jamaican Mexican Montserratian¹ Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucian Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Salvadoran Surinamese Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands¹ American Uruguayan Venezuelan
Asia	Abkhaz² ⁵ Afghan Armenian³ Artsakh³ ⁵ Azerbaijani² Bahraini Bangladeshi Bhutanese Bruneian Cambodian Chinese Hong Kongese Macanese Cypriot³ East Timorese Egyptian⁴ Emirati Georgian² Indian Indonesian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Japanese Jordanian Kazakhstani² Kuwaiti Kyrgyz Laotian Lebanese Malaysian Maldivian Mongolian Myanmar Nepalese North Korean Northern Cypriot³ ⁵ Omani Pakistani Palestinian Philippine Qatari Russian² Saudi Singaporean South Korean South Ossetian² ⁵ Sri Lankan Syrian Taiwanese⁵ Tajik Thai Turkish² Turkmen Uzbekistani Vietnamese Yemeni
Europe	Abkhaz² ⁵ Albanian Andorran Armenian³ Artsakh³ ⁵ Austrian Azerbaijani² Belarusian Belgian Bosnian and Herzegovinian British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC) Bulgarian Croatian Cypriot³ Czech Danish Faroese Greenlandic Dutch Estonian (Non-citizens) Finnish French Georgian² German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Kazakhstani² Kosovar⁵ Latvian (Non-citizens) Liechtenstein Lithuanian Luxembourg Maltese Moldovan Montenegrin Monégasque North Macedonian Northern Cypriot³ ⁵ Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian⁹ San Marino Serbian Slovak Slovenian South Ossetian² ⁵ Spanish Swedish Swiss Transnistrian⁵ Turkish² Ukrainian Vatican City
Oceania	Australian Fijian Kiribati Marshallese Micronesian Nauruan New Zealand Palauan Papua New Guinean Pitcairn Islands¹ Samoan Solomon Islands Tongan Tuvaluan Vanuatuan
Other	Crew members Sovereign Military Order of Malta Green Card
¹ British Overseas Territories. ² Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Russia and the partially recognised republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. ³ Cyprus, Armenia, and the partially recognised republics of Artsakh and Northern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe. ⁴ Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia. ⁵ Partially recognized. Immigration law