centrally-planned

Examples of centrally-planned in the following topics:

• Ottonian Architecture in the Early European Middle Ages

  • Barring a few examples that were influenced by the octagonal Palatine Chapel built by Charlemagne in Aachen, Ottonian religious architecture tends to diverge from the model of the central-plan church, drawing inspiration instead from the Roman basilica, which typically consisted of a long central nave with an aisle at each side and an apse at one end.
  • The central body of the church has the nave with two aisles sided by two towers characteristic of Carolingian architecture, but it also displays novelties anticipating Romanesque architecture, including the alternation of pillars and columns (a common feature in later Saxon churches), semi-blind arcades in galleries on the nave, and column capitals decorated with stylized leaves of acanthus and human heads .

• Architecture of the Early Christian Church

  • In the Eastern Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire, which continued until the fifteenth century), churches were centrally planned.
  • The central section is surrounded by two superposed ambulatories, or covered passages around a cloister.
  • Peter's followed the plan of the Roman basilica and added a transept (labeled "Bema" in this diagram) to give the church a cruciform shape.
  • Peter's, San Vitale consists of a central dome surrounded by two ambulatories.
  • This is known as a centrally-planned church.

• Architecture in the Early Byzantine Empire

  • Like most Byzantine churches of this time, the Hagia Sophia is centrally-planned, with the dome serving as its focal point.
  • The nave is covered by a central dome which at its maximum is over 180 feet from floor level and rests on an arcade of 40 arched windows.
  • A hierarchy of dome-headed elements built to create a vast oblong interior crowned by the central dome, with a span of 250 feet.
  • Like the original church, Justinian's replacement had a cruciform plan and and was surmounted by five domes: one above each arm of the cross and one above the central bay where the arms intersected.
  • a) Plan of the gallery (upper half); b) Plan of the ground floor (lower half)

• Architecture and Mosaics in the Middle Byzantine Empire

  • A combination of a centrally-planned and basilican building, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture.
  • It has a large central dome that rests on a series of pendentives.
  • The Katholikon is also a Greek cross-plan style church but instead of the dome resting on pendentives, the dome of the Katholikon rests on squinches, which create an octagonal transition between the square plan of the church and the circular plan of the dome.
  • At the crossing is a large central dome.
  • Top (#1 on diagram): Plan of Church of the Theotokos; Bottom (#2): Plan of Katholikon.

• Urban Planning in the Greek High Classical Period

  • Before rational city planning, cities grew organically and often radiated out from a central point, such as the Acropolis and Agora at the center of Athens.
  • He is considered the "father" of urban planning, and his name is given to the grid layout of city planning, known as the Hippodamian plan.
  • The Hippodamian plan is now known as a grid plan formed by streets intersecting at right angles.
  • The agora was the central component of the city.
  • What is most impressive is a wide central area, which was kept unsettled according to his macro-scale urban estimation and in time evolved to the “Agora”, the center of both the city and the society

• Minoan Architecture

  • Minoan palace centers had a central ceremonial courtyard, and were divided into numerous zones for civic, storage, and production purposes.
  • The most prominent feature on the plan is the palace's large, central courtyard.
  • The absence of a central room and living chambers suggested the absence of a king and rather, the presence and rule of a strong centralized government.
  • The palaces also had multiple entrances that often took long paths to reach the central courtyard or a set of rooms.
  • Like the complex at Knossos, the complex at Phaistos is arranged around a central courtyard and held grand staircases that led to areas believed to be a theatre, ceremonial spaces, and official apartments.

• Architecture and Urban Planning under the Ming Dynasty

  • Chinese urban planning and architecture under the Ming Dynasty are based on fengshui geomancy and numerology, as seen in the Forbidden City.
  • Chinese urban planning is based on fengshui geomancy and the well-field system of land division, both used since the Neolithic age.
  • The Forbidden City remains important in the civic scheme of Beijing, with its central north-south axis remaining the central axis of the entire city.
  • The design of the Forbidden City, from its overall layout to the smallest detail, was meticulously planned to reflect philosophical and religious principles and the majesty of Imperial power.
  • Describe how fengshui and numerology influenced the architecture and urban planning of the Ming dynasty, as seen in the capital of Beijing.

• Italian Architecture in the Baroque Period

  • A number of ecclesiastical buildings of the Baroque period in Rome had plans based on the Italian paradigm of the basilica with a crossed dome and nave, but the treatment of the architecture was very different than what had been carried out previously.
  • The dynamic rhythm of columns and pilasters, central massing, and the protrusion and condensed central decoration add complexity to the structure.
  • His secular architecture included the Palazzo Barberini (based on plans by Maderno) and the Palazzo Chigi-Odescalchi (1664), both in Rome.
  • His building plans were based on complex geometric figures, his architectural forms were unusual and inventive, and he employed multi-layered symbolism in his architectural designs.
  • His iconic masterpiece is the diminutive church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, distinguished by a complicated plan arrangement that is partly oval and partly a cross, giving it complex convex-concave wall rhythms.

• The Agora

  • Improved during the Classical period, the Athenian agora was home to the central courts, assembly meeting rooms, and important temples.
  • An agora was the central, public space of Greek poleis, singular polis.
  • The Athenian Agora was an important central meeting place before the Classical period.
  • However, during the Classical period under the reign of Pericles, the Athenian Agora was built into a central site for the city's religious, civic, and judicial practices as well as home to commerce and markets.
  • The central location was easily accessible by Athenian citizens.

• Temple Architecture in the Greek Orientalizing Period

  • Temples of the Greek Orientalizing period consisted of simple plans and sculpture influenced by styles from Egypt and the Near East.
  • Minoan shrines, as seen at Knossos, were tripartite shrines fronted by three columns, while the plan of the Mycenaean king's chamber (or megaron) was appropriated for use by the gods.
  • Its plan was similar to the anta design with a third column in the center in front of the doorway.
  • Between each group sits a plain rectangular recess, probably to mark the location of the central column that supported the lintel.
  • Early anta-planned temples consisted of a portico (pronaos) and an inner chamber (naos/cella) atop a simple platform.