The Jelling Stones

Examples of The Jelling Stones in the following topics:

• Jelling Stones

  • The Jelling Stones are massive carved runestones from the tenth century, which are named for the town of Jelling in Denmark.
  • Art historians consider the runic inscriptions on the Jelling stones as the best known in Denmark.
  • Remnants of red pigment show that the Jelling Stones were once brightly painted.
  • The Jelling Stones are massive carved runestones from the tenth century, which are named for the town of Jelling in Denmark.
  • Examine the function and symbolism of the Runic Stones in Jelling.

• Sculpture of the Aztecs

  • The grand city of Tenochtitlan contained some of the finest examples of Aztec sculpture, from its temples and pyramids to its elaborate stone palaces.
  • One of the most well known Aztec sculptures is the Calendar Stone.
  • Also known as the Mexican Sun Stone, Stone of the Sun, or Stone of the Five Eras, it is a large monolithic sculpture that was excavated in the Zócalo, Mexico City's main square, on December 17, 1790.
  • While the exact purpose of the stone is unclear, archaeologists and historians theorize that there could have been many functions to the stone, from spacial and time-related to political and spiritual.
  • The monolith of the Stone of the Sun, also known as the Aztec calendar stone (National Museum of Anthropology and History, Mexico City).

• The Stone Age

  • The Stone Age is the first of the three-age system of archaeology, which divides human technological prehistory into three periods: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
  • The Stone Age lasted roughly 3.4 million years, from 30,000 BCE to about 3,000 BCE, and ended with the advent of metalworking.
  • The art of the Stone Age represents the first accomplishments in human creativity, preceding the invention of writing.
  • The Paleolithic era is characterized by the emergence of basic stone tools and stone art in the archaeological record.
  • Create a timeline of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Periods of the Stone Age, giving a brief description of the art from each period

• Neolithic Monuments

  • However, the same system of felled trees and earthen mounds involved with the blue stones was still required in the transport and erection of the stones.
  • One of the best known prehistoric sites in the United Kingdom, Avebury contains the largest stone circle in Europe.
  • Constructed over several hundred years in the third millennium BCE, the monument comprises a large henge with a large outer stone circle and two separate smaller stone circles situated inside the center of the monument.
  • Much of the art was carved on the backs of stones, which is a phenomenon known as hidden art.
  • Key to plan: (1) The Altar Stone, (2) barrow without a burial, (3) "barrows" without burials, (4) the fallen Slaughter Stone, (5) the Heel Stone, (6) two of originally four Station Stones, (7) ditch, (8) inner bank, (9) outer bank, (10) the Avenue, (11) ring of 30 pits called the Y Holes, (12) ring of 29 pits called the Z Holes, (13) circle of 56 pits, known as the Aubrey holes, (14) smaller southern entrance.

• Paleolithic Artifacts

  • The Paleolithic era has a number of artifacts that range from stone, bone, and wood tools to stone sculptures.
  • The Paleolithic era is characterized by the use of stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools.
  • Constructed using flint and bone, the stone is believed to represent the upper part of a face, while the bone has been interpreted as eyes.
  • The area was also the site of discovery of many stone and bone tools such as hoes, scrapers, points, and gougers.
  • Made from ochre, the stones are engraved with abstract patterns, and while they are simpler than prehistoric cave paintings found in Europe, some scholars believe these engraved stones represent the earliest known artworks, dating from 75,000 years ago.

• Stonework on Easter Island

  • The Rapa Nui people had a Stone Age culture that made extensive use of several different types of local stone, including basalt, obsidian, red scoria, and tuff.
  • The large stone statues for which Easter Island is world-famous, known as moai, were carved from 1100–1680 CE.
  • A total of 887 monolithic stone statues have been inventoried on the island and in museum collections so far.
  • These stone platforms evolved from the traditional Polynesian marae.
  • One of the highest-quality examples of Easter Island stone masonry is the rear wall of the ahu at Vinapu.

• Colossal Heads of the Olmec

  • The Olmec culture of the Gulf Coast of Mexico produced the first major Mesoamerican art, and is particularly known for the creation of colossal stone heads.
  • When originally displayed in Olmec centers, the heads were arranged in lines or groups; however, the method used to transport the stone to these sites remains unclear.
  • Given the enormous weight of the stones and thus the man power required to transport them over large distances, it is probable that the colossal portraits represent powerful Olmec rulers.
  • Most colossal heads were sculpted from spherical boulders but two from San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán were re-carved from massive stone thrones.
  • The smallest weigh 6 tons, while the largest is variously estimated to weigh 40 to 50 tons, although it was abandoned and left unfinished close to the source of its stone.

• Monotypes

  • The surface, called the matrix, was historically a copper etching plate or limestone litho stone, but in contemporary work, zinc, glass, or polymer are often used.
  • The stone is then treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the stone which are not protected by the grease-based image.
  • When the stone is subsequently moistened, these etched areas retain water; an oil-based ink is then applied and repelled by the water, sticking only to the original drawing.
  • The image can be printed directly from the plate in a direct press, which will cause the orientation of the image to be reversed, or it can be printed in an offset press, and the image from the stone will be transferred onto a flexible sheet of rubber, then printed onto paper without any change in its orientation.
  • An example of a lithography stone and print.

• Carving

  • Traditionally, stone and wood were the most common carving materials due to both their availability and durability.
  • The oldest surviving sculptural works are generally made from stone, owing to the fact that works made from perishable materials decay and become damaged over time.
  • Hard stone carving is another ancient form of carved sculpture and involves carving semi-precious stones such as jade, onyx or rock crystal.
  • Relief, from the Latin "relevo" meaning "to raise", is a sculptural technique in which the surface of stone or wood is carved away, thereby causing the foreground image to appear to be raised.
  • It is a very stable form of sculpture due to the fact that reliefs are often made in stone, and the fact that it remains a solid piece.

• Architecture of the Han Dynasty

  • Remains of Han Dynasty architecture include ruins of brick and rammed earth walls, rammed earth platforms, and funerary stone pillar-gates.
  • Architecture from the Han Dynasty that has survived until today include ruins of brick and rammed earth walls (including above-ground city walls and underground tomb walls), rammed earth platforms for terraced altars and halls, funerary stone or brick pillar-gates, and scattered ceramic roof tiles that once adorned timber halls.
  • Stone and plaster were also used for domestic architecture.
  • A stone-carved pillar-gate, or que (闕), 6 m (20 ft) in total height, located at the tomb of Gao Yi in Ya'an, Sichuan province, was built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE).
  • Notice the stone-carved decorations of roof tile eaves, despite the fact that Han Dynasty stone que (part of the walled structures around tomb entrances) lacked wooden or ceramic components (but often imitated wooden buildings with ceramic roof tiles).