Barr body

Examples of Barr body in the following topics:

• X-Inactivation

  • Early in development, when female mammalian embryos consist of just a few thousand cells (relative to trillions in the newborn), one X chromosome in each cell inactivates by tightly condensing into a quiescent (dormant) structure called a Barr body.
  • The chance that an X chromosome (maternally or paternally derived) is inactivated in each cell is random, but once the inactivation occurs, all cells derived from that single cell will have the same inactive X chromosome or Barr body.
  • The XXY genotype, corresponding to one type of Klinefelter syndrome, corresponds to phenotypically male individuals with small testes, enlarged breasts, and reduced body hair .
  • This can be seen as several Barr bodies in each cell nucleus.

• DNA Oncogenic Viruses

  • The Epstein-Barr virus has been linked to Burkitt's lymphoma.
  • Kaposi sarcoma causes patches of abnormal tissue to develop in various area of the body including under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs.

• Diagnostic Blood Tests

  • It is generally diagnosed with a blood test that is analyzed for the presence of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus.
  • Venipuncture is useful as it is a relatively non-invasive way to obtain cells and extracellular fluid (plasma) from the body for analysis .
  • Since blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium for providing oxygen and nutrients and drawing waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal, the state of the bloodstream affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions.
  • While the regular glucose test is taken at a certain point in time, the glucose tolerance test involves repeated testing to determine the rate at which glucose is processed by the body.

• Other Diseases and Epstein-Barr Virus

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis.
  • The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.
  • Distinguish between the lytic replicative and latency cycle of the Epstein-Barr virus infection cycle and discuss the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infected humans

• Infectious Mononucleosis

  • Mononucleosis is an infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and results in flu-like symptoms.
  • Infectious mononucleosis is an infectious, widespread viral disease caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), one type of herpes virus, to which more than 90% of adults have been exposed.

• Genital Herpes

  • Among these drugs are: acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir.Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used against herpes viruses, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr Viruses.
  • Once in the body, it becomes the anti-herpes medicine, acyclovir.
  • Famciclovir is a prodrug that is converted to penciclovir in the body.

• Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis

  • Muscles on both sides of the body are equally affected.
  • Many people diagnosed with dermatomyositis were previously diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus.
  • Foot drop in one or both feet can be a symptom of advanced polymyositis and inclusion body myositis.

• Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Herpesviruses

  • There is no method to eradicate the herpes virus from the body, but antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, can reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of outbreaks.

• Muscular Atrophy

  • Examples of diseases affecting the nerves that control muscles would be poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), and Guillain-Barre syndrome.

• Burkitt's Lymphoma

  • Children affected with the disease often also have chronic malaria, which is believed to have reduced resistance to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), allowing it to take hold.
  • Again it is believed that impaired immunity provides an opening for development of the Epstein-Barr virus.