calendar year

Examples of calendar year in the following topics:

• Financial Statements Across Periods

  • The income statement (also called the "profit and loss statement"): This gives an account of what the company sold and spent in the year.
  • The income statement summarizes all this type of activity for the year.
  • A company may report its financials in a fiscal year that is different from the calendar year.
  • While some firms do follow the calendar year, others--such as retail companies--prefer not to follow the calendar year due to seasonality of sales or expenses, et cetera.
  • According to SEC regulations, companies have to file an extensive report (called the 10K) on what happened during the year.

• Dates and Calendars

  • These gave rise to the various Hindu calendars, as well as to the ancient Roman calendar, which contained very ancient remnants of a pre-Etruscan ten-month solar year.
  • The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar, amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year.
  • The Mayan calendar had two years, the 260-day Sacred Round, or tzolkin, and the 365-day Vague Year, or haab.
  • This calendar era is based on the traditionally recognized year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth, with AD counting years after the start of this epoch and BC denoting years before the start of the era.
  • There is no year zero in this scheme, so the year AD 1 immediately follows the year 1 BC.

• The Classic Period of the Maya

  • This calendar round would take fifty-two solar years to return to the original first date.
  • It utilized twenty named days that repeated thirteen times in that calendar year.
  • The solar calendar (Haab') is very similar to the modern solar calendar year that uses Earth's orbit around the Sun to measure time.
  • Although less commonly used, the Maya also employed a long count calendar that calculated dates hundreds of years in the future.
  • When the Tzolkin and Haab' calendar's are combined they create a fifty-two-year solar calendar.

• What Goes on the Balances Sheet and What Goes in the Notes

  • Assets, liabilities, and the equity of stockholders are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of a fiscal year or accounting period.
  • Of the four basic financial statements, the balance sheet is the only statement which applies to a single point in time of a company's calendar year.
  • The balances in these accounts are typically due in the current accounting period or within one year.
  • If an error is found on a previous year's financial statement, a correction must be made and the financials reissued.

• Legislation Protecting against Discrimination

  • Title VII applies to and covers an employer "who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year."

• Periodic Abstinence

  • The actual failure rate of calendar-based methods is 25% per year.
  • When used to avoid pregnancy, the rhythm method has a perfect-use failure rate of up to 9% per year.
  • When used to avoid pregnancy, the standard days method has a perfect-use failure rate of 5% per year.
  • Calendar-based methods use records of past menstrual cycles to predict the length of future cycles.
  • Finally, calendar-based methods assume that all bleeding is true menstruation.

• Shang Religion

  • The Shang also established a lunar calendar that was used to predict and record events, such as harvests, births, and deaths (of rulers and peasants alike).
  • The system assumed a 29-day month that began and ended with each new moon; twelve lunar months comprised one lunar year.
  • Priests and astronomers were trained to recalculate the lunar year and add enough days so that each year lasted 365 days.
  • Because the calendar was used to time both crop planting and the harvest, the king had to employ skilled astronomers to predict dates (and successes) of annual harvests; this would help him maintain support from the people.

• Codices of the Aztecs

  • With the symbols of the calendar, divided into 13-day periods, Aztec priests were able to create horoscopes and divine the future.
  • The second section documents the Mesoamerican 52-year cycle, showing in order the dates of the first days of each of these 52 solar years.
  • The third section is focused on rituals and ceremonies, particularly those that end the 52-year cycle, when the "new fire" must be lit.
  • The Codex Ixtlilxochitl is an early 17th century codex fragment detailing, among other subjects, a calendar of the annual festivals and rituals celebrated by the Aztec teocalli during the Mexican year.
  • The original page thirteen of the Codex Borbonicus shows the 13th trecena (or 13-day period) of the Aztec sacred calendar.

• Aztec Religion

  • Not only were captives and warriors sacrificed, but nobles would often practice ritual bloodletting during certain sacred days of the year.
  • They also trained young men to impersonate various deities for an entire year before being sacrificed on a specific day.  
  • The temples were generally huge pyramidal structures that were covered over with a new surface every fifty-two years, meaning some pyramids were gigantic in scale.
  • The Aztecs based their calendar on the sun and utilized a 365-day religious calendar.
  • This calendar shows the eighteen months circling around a representation of the sun.

• Setting a Course Syllabus

  • But a syllabus is far more than a glorified academic calendar for a particular course.
  • The portion of the syllabus that causes many instructors anxiety is often the very portion that provides students the most comfort – namely, the schedule or calendar.
  • In the early years of their careers instructors will often find that they try out several different styles of syllabus – perhaps beginning with one very detailed and then trying out one rather sketchier – before settling one that best fits their teaching style and temperament.