Church of the Holy Sepulchre

Examples of Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the following topics:

• The First Crusade

  • The First Crusade (1095–1099) was a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Lands taken in Muslim conquests, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem.
  • The First Crusade (1095–1099), called for by Pope Urban II, was the first of a number of crusades intended to recapture the Holy Lands.
  • An additional goal soon became the principal objective—the Christian reconquest of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and the freeing of the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule.
  • On July 22, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to establish a king for the newly created Kingdom of Jerusalem.
  • Having captured Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Crusaders had fulfilled their vow.

• The Eastern Roman Empire, Constantine the Great, and Byzantium

  • The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire.
  • The medieval church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and identity.
  • His most famous building projects include the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and Old Saint Peter's Basilica.
  • One way in which Constantine used his influence over the early Church councils was to seek to establish a consensus over the oft debated and argued issue over the nature of God.
  • Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Great presents a representation of the city of Constantinople as tribute to an enthroned Mary and Christ Child in this church mosaic.

• The Crusades

  • The Holy Land had been part of the Roman Empire, and thus the Byzantine Empire, until the Islamic conquests.
  • For example, the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but his successor allowed the Byzantine Empire to rebuild it.
  • The random violence of the knightly class was regularly condemned by the church, and so it established the Peace and Truce of God to prohibit fighting on certain days of the year.
  • Urban responded favorably, perhaps hoping to heal the Great Schism of forty years earlier, and to reunite the Church under papal primacy by helping the eastern churches in their time of need.
  • Combining the idea of pilgrimage to the Holy Land with that of waging a holy war against infidels, Urban received an enthusiastic response to his speeches and soon after began collecting military forces to begin the First Crusade.

• The Christian Church

  • The Christian Church is the assembly of followers of Jesus Christ; in Christianity, a church is the building where its members meet.
  • The Christian Church is the assembly or association of followers of Jesus Christ.
  • The four traditional notes of the Christian Church are unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity.
  • The early Church originated in Roman Judea in the first century AD, founded on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is believed by Christians to be the Son of God and Christ the Messiah.
  • Describe the Church as the assembly of followers of Jesus Christ, and the building where its members meet.

• The Ecclesia

  • A striking historical example of this is the Holy Roman Empire.
  • A slight modification of the church type is that of ecclesia.
  • Ecclesias include the above characteristics of churches, but they are generally less successful at garnering absolute adherence among all of the members of the society.
  • The Anglican Church of England, for example, is a state church that does not have the adherence of all English citizens.
  • The Catholic Church applies the word "Church" only to Christian communities that, in the view of the Catholic Church, "have true sacraments in light of Apostolic succession" and that possess a priesthood and the Eucharist.

• Pilgrimage Churches

  • One of the effects of the Crusades, which were intended to wrest the Holy Places of Palestine from Islamic control, was to excite a great deal of religious fervor, which in turn inspired great building programs.
  • The Nobility of Europe, upon safe return, thanked God by the building of a new church or the enhancement of an old one.
  • The Crusades resulted in the transfer of, among other things, a great number of Holy Relics of saints and apostles.
  • The result of the considerable number of new churches being built and the rising wealth of the pilgrimage churches, was the growth of Romanesque architecture.
  • Analyze the religious fervor of the Crusades with the extensive creation of pilgramage churches.

• The Church

  • The expansion of the Church across Europe was the greatest contributing factor to the development of Romanesque art and architecture.
  • In Spain, the most famous church of the period is Santiago de Compostela.
  • However, the church of St.
  • The Crusades (1095-1291), which were intended to pry the holy places of Palestine from Islamic control, excited a great deal of religious fervor.
  • Many churches were like Saint-Front, Périgueux, and had their own homegrown saint; others claimed the remains and the patronage of a powerful saint whose relics were brought back from the Holy Land, Santiago de Compostella, for example, was host to the presumed relics of one of the Twelve Apostles, St.

• Faith in the Face of Suffering

  • The Holy Roman Empire existed for almost 850 years, starting with the reign of Charlemagne in 962.
  • These conflicts included ongoing internal struggles with various local monarchs vying for the role of Emperor, and struggles against rulers in areas attempting to resist the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The church remained one of the strongest institutions in Europe, and in the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire shifted during its reign but generally included what is known as Germany, Austria, and parts of Denmark, Northern Italy, France and Central and Eastern Europe
  • Discuss the Great Famine, the Black Death, and the political and social unrest of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries.

• Architecture of the Holy Roman Empire

  • Architecture from the Holy Roman Empire spans from the Romanesque to the Classic eras.
  • The Holy Roman Empire was a varying complex of lands that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.
  • One of the most important churches in this style is the Abbey Church of St.
  • Many churches in Germany date from this time, including the twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne.
  • Because of its enormous twin spires, it also has the largest façade of any church in the world, and its choir boasts the largest height to width ratio of any Medieval church.

• The Investiture Controversy

  • The Investiture Controversy was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe, specifically the Holy Roman Empire.
  • Since an eldest son would inherit the title of the father, siblings often found careers in the church.
  • The crisis began when a group within the church, members of the Gregorian Reform, decided to rebel against the rule of simony by forcefully taking the power of investiture from the ruling secular power, i.e., the Holy Roman Emperor, and placing that power wholly within control of the church.
  • In 1059 a church council in Rome declared, with In Nomine Domini, that leaders of the nobility would have no part in the selection of popes, and created the College of Cardinals as a body of electors made up entirely of church officials.
  • The church would crusade against the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II.