collective security

Examples of collective security in the following topics:

• Collective Military Force

  • A collective military force (when multiple countries pool their militaries) involves both collective security and collective defense.
  • The use of collective military force in the global environment involves two primary concepts: collective security and collective defense.
  • The collective security organization then becomes an arena for diplomacy.
  • The UN is often provided as the primary example of collective security.
  • Compare and contrast the concepts of collective security and collective defense

• Social Security Legislation

  • These institutions are collectively referred to as Sécurité sociale, or la sécu.
  • The population to whom social security programs are addressed demonstrates how anomalous the meaning of social security is in the United States.
  • Prior to 1935 and the passage of the Social Security Act, social security did not exist in the United States.
  • But how does social security work?
  • If the laws governing social security are not changed by 2017, social security will pay out more funds than it takes in.

• Social Insurance

  • Social Security in the U.S. is primarily the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) federal insurance program.
  • Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally entrusted to the Social Security Trust Funds.
  • Social Security provides monetary benefits to retirees, their spouses and surviving dependent children, and disabled workers .
  • These payroll taxes were established by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), and allow the IRS to collect federal employer taxes used to fund state workforce agencies.
  • Social Security is one of the best-known social insurance programs in the United States.

• Social Security and Tax Reform

  • The United States was the only modern industrial country where people faced the Depression without any national system of social security.
  • The most important program of 1935, and perhaps the New Deal as a whole, was the Social Security Act, drafted by Francis Perkins.
  • Roosevelt insisted that it should be funded by payroll taxes rather than from the general fund "so as to give the contributors a legal, moral, and political right to collect their pensions and unemployment benefits.
  • With those taxes in there, no damn politician can ever scrap my social security program. "
  • Compared with the social security systems in western European countries, the Social Security Act of 1935 was rather conservative.

• Key Considerations for the Statement of Cash Flows

  • Cash inflows include cash receipts from sales of goods or services; interest received from making loans; dividends received from investments in equity securities; and cash received from the sale of securities that were held for trading purposes, issued by other businesses.
  • Securities that are held for trade are generally investments that a business holds for a very short period of time with the intent to sell for a quick gain.
  • Transactions include the sale and acquisition of property, plant, and equipment; the collection and granting of long-term loans to others; and the trading of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities of other businesses.
  • Securities that are held-to-maturity are those that a business plans to hold onto until the security's term is up.
  • An available-for-sale security is an investment that does not qualify as "held-to-maturity" or "trading".

• Secured vs. Unsecured Funding

  • A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges an asset (e.g. a car or property) as collateral, while an unsecured loan is not secured by an asset.
  • Loans may either be secured or unsecured.
  • Generally speaking, secured debt may attract lower interest rates than unsecured debt due to the added security for the lender.
  • There are two purposes for a loan secured by debt.
  • Thus, a higher interest rate reflects the additional risk that in the event of insolvency, the debt may be difficult or impossible to collect.

• Defending the Nation

  • Among these are the power to lay and collect taxes and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; to borrow money on the credit of the United States; and to regulate interstate, foreign, and Indian commerce.
  • The White House National Security Council is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials.
  • Council also has counterparts in the national security councils of many other nations.
  • The National Security Council is chaired by the President.
  • Identify the main function of the United States National Security Council

• Social Change

  • These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior.
  • Collective behavior has no clear social boundaries; anyone can be a member of the collective, while group membership is usually more discriminating.
  • Collective behavior can actually change elements of society.
  • This is the component of collective behavior known as "social movements. "
  • It is the effort of American Negroes to secure for themselves the full blessings of American life.

• Liquidation Preference

  • After the removal of all assets which are subject to retention of title arrangements, fixed security, or are otherwise subject to proprietary claims of others, the liquidator will pay the claims against the company's assets.
  • The main purpose of a liquidation where the company is insolvent is to collect in the company's assets, determine the outstanding claims against the company, and satisfy those claims in the manner and order prescribed by law.
  • Before the claims are met, secured creditors are entitled to enforce their claims against the assets of the company to the extent that they are subject to a valid security interest.
  • In most legal systems, only fixed security takes precedence over all claims.
  • Security by way of floating charge may be postponed to the preferential creditors.

• Does U.S. Treasury Affect the Monetary Base?

  • The U.S. federal government has experienced persistent budget deficits for the last 40 years because the U.S. government spends more than what it collects in taxes.
  • Finally, the U.S. can sell U.S. government securities.
  • Treasury collects your $20,000 and buys something with it.
  • Treasury issues new securities, the new securities do not affect the monetary base and money supply.
  • Treasury issues new securities, decreasing the securities' market price and raising the interest rate.