Congressional Budget Office

(noun)

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides economic data to Congress.

Related Terms

Examples of Congressional Budget Office in the following topics:

  • The Staff System

    • Congressional staff are employees of the United States Congress or individual members of Congress.
    • The various types of congressional staff are as follows: personal staff, who work for individual members of Congress; committee staff, who serve either the majority or minority on congressional committees; leadership staff, who work for the speaker, majority and minority leaders, and the majority and minority whips; institutional staff, who include the majority and minority party floor staff and non-partisan staff; and the support agency staff, who are the non-partisan employees of the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and Government Accountability Office (GAO).
    • Each congressional committee has a staff of varying size.
    • The Russell Senate Office Building houses several Congressional staff members, including those on the United States Senate Committees on Armed Services, Rules and Administration, Veterans' Affairs, and others.
    • Differentiate between the roles of different congressional staff; in the Congressional Research Service, Congressional Budget Office, and Government Accountability Office

  • The Role of the Federal Budget

    • However, Congress is the body required by law to pass a budget annually and to submit the budget passed by both houses to the president for signature.
    • These include the Government Accountability Office (GAO), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the U.S.
    • Congressional decisions are governed by rules and legislation regarding the federal budget process.
    • Congress is responsible for passing the Federal Budget.
    • Describe how the federal budget is created and its economic role

  • The Affordable Care Act

    • According to White House and Congressional Budget Office figures, the maximum share of income that enrollees would have to pay would vary depending on their income relative to the federal poverty level.
    • In March of 2010, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that the net effect of both laws will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade.

  • The Budgeting Process

    • However, Congress is the body required by law to pass a budget annually and to submit the budget passed by both houses to the President for signature.
    • Congressional decisions are governed by rules and legislation regarding the federal budget process.
    • These include the Government Accountability Office (GAO), Congressional Budget Office, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the U.S.
    • Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid expenditures are funded by more permanent Congressional appropriations and so are considered mandatory spending.
    • Some mandatory spending, such as Congressional salaries, is not part of any entitlement program.

  • The Cost of Maintaining the Government

    • The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a cabinet-level office, the largest within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).
    • In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management and budgetary staff by combining those dual roles within the Resource Management Offices.
    • Each year in March, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) publishes an analysis of the President's budget proposals.
    • The Budget committees each submit a budget resolution by April 1.
    • The Office of Management and Budget plays a key role in preparing the president's budget request to Congress.

  • Harding's Policies

    • Considered to be one of his greatest domestic achievements, Harding also signed the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which established the framework for the modern federal budget.
    • Harding requested and obtained Congressional authorization for the country's first formal budgeting process by establishing the Bureau of the Budget, while the General Accounting Office was created to assure oversight of federal budget expenditures.
    • Harding appointed Charlie Dawes, known for being an effective financier, as the first director of the Bureau of the Budget.
    • Due to these policies, the government budget was cut nearly in half in just two years.

  • Preparing the Budget

    • The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) performs key tasks in preparing the presidential budget request that is submitted to Congress.
    • Before it is submitted, the president spends months working with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to formulate this budget request .
    • The Office of Management and Budget is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President.
    • The Office of Management and Budget plays a key role in preparing the president's budget request to Congress.
    • Summarize the key role played by the Office of Management and Budget in shaping the President's budget request

  • Budget Resolutions

    • Congress must create an annual budget resolution in response to the President's budget request according to the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (also known as the Congressional Budget Act) .
    • The budget resolution also sets spending ceilings for the Congressional committees that have jurisdiction over spending.
    • April 15th is the target date for congressional adoption of the budget resolution set by the Congressional Budget Act.
    • The Congressional Budget Act also prohibits House and Senate floor consideration of appropriations measures for the upcoming fiscal year before the budget resolution is completed.
    • The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Congressional Budget Act), created during the Nixon administration, established the current budget resolution process.

  • The Executive Office of the President

    • Ballpark estimates indicate some 2,000 to 2,500 persons serve in Executive Office of the President staff positions with policy-making responsibilities, with a budget of 300 to 400 million.
    • The EOP encompassed two subunits at its outset: the White House Office (WHO) and the Bureau of the Budget, the predecessor to today's Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which had been created in 1921 and originally located in the Treasury Department.
    • The main job of the OMB is to assist the President to prepare the budget.
    • Precise estimates as to the size and budget of the EOP are difficult to come by.
    • Very few EOP officials are required to be confirmed by the Senate, although there are a handful of exceptions to this rule--the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the United States Trade Representative.

  • The President

    • In his last press conference before the start of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, President Bush invoked the congressional authorization of force, UN resolutions, and the inherent power of the president to protect the United States derived from his oath of office.
    • However, only Congress has authority to declare war and decide the civilian and military budget.
    • After the 9/11 attacks, President Bush's Office of Legal Counsel argued that as commander in chief President Bush could do what was necessary to protect the American people.
    • President Obama did not seek congressional authorization before ordering the US military to join attacks on the Libyan air defenses and government forces in March 2011.
    • The Supreme Court of the United States has considered congressional-executive and sole-executive agreements to be valid, and they have been common throughout American history.