congressional-executive agreements

Examples of congressional-executive agreements in the following topics:

• The President

  • In his last press conference before the start of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, President Bush invoked the congressional authorization of force, UN resolutions, and the inherent power of the president to protect the United States derived from his oath of office.
  • Instead, they relied on open-ended congressional authorizations to use force, United Nations resolutions, North American Treaty Organization (NATO) actions, and orchestrated requests from tiny international organizations like the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States.
  • President Obama did not seek congressional authorization before ordering the US military to join attacks on the Libyan air defenses and government forces in March 2011.
  • Throughout U.S. history, the President has also made international "agreements" through congressional-executive agreements (CEAs) that are ratified with only a majority from both houses of Congress, or sole-executive agreements made by the President alone.
  • The Supreme Court of the United States has considered congressional-executive and sole-executive agreements to be valid, and they have been common throughout American history.

• The Oversight Function

  • Congressional oversight refers to oversight by the United States Congress of the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies.
  • Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system.
  • The government's charter does not explicitly grant Congress the authority to conduct inquiries or investigations of the executive, to have access to records or materials held by the executive, or to issue subpoenas for documents or testimony from the executive.
  • Oversight occurs through a wide variety of congressional activities and avenues.
  • Describe congressional oversight and the varied bases whence its authority is derived

• Congressional Campaign Committees

  • The NRCC was formed in 1866, when the Republican caucuses of the House and Senate formed a "Congressional Committee".
  • Pete Sessions (TX-32) , and an executive committee composed of Republican members of the U.S.
  • The Chairman is elected by the House Republican Conference after each Congressional election.
  • Republican Leader John Boehner and the seven other elected leaders of the Republican Conference of the House of Representatives serve as ex-officio members of the NRCC's executive committee.
  • Identify the roles and responsibilities of the Congressional Campaign Committees for both major parties

• The Quasi-War

  • By the mid 1790s, most Federalists considered the Treaty of Alliance to be null and void, as the French Revolution had toppled the regime that entered into the original agreement with the United States.
  • The Quasi-War remains an ambiguous precedent for the separation of military powers between the executive and legislative branches.
  • However, Adams also demonstrated widespread initiative as commander in chief during the Quasi-War, authorizing—without congressional approval—the capture of any ships sailing to and from French ports.
  • This ambiguity over the distribution of war powers between the executive branch and Congress has persisted well into the twenty-first century.
  • In order to contextualize their arguments, advocates for and against the broad interpretation of executive military authority often draw on the Quasi-War as an example.

• Investigation

  • Congressional oversight is the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.
  • Congressional oversight refers to oversight by the United States Congress of the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies.
  • Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.
  • Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system.
  • The government's charter does not explicitly grant Congress the authority to conduct inquiries or investigations of the executive, have access to records or materials held by the executive, or to issue subpoenas for documents or testimony from the executive.

• Lobbying Scandals and the Reforms of 2007

  • Details of the bill include closing the revolving door , prohibiting senators from gaining undue lobbying access by increasing the "cooling off" period before they can lobby Congress from one to two years, prohibiting cabinet secretaries and other senior executive personnel from lobbying the department or agency in which they worked for two years after they leave their position, and prohibiting senior Senate staff and officers from lobbying contacts with the entire Senate for one year, instead of just their former employing office.
  • Requires that executive and legislative branch employees who leave government positions and seek to lobby on behalf of Native American tribes face the same revolving door provisions as others.
  • Prohibits members from engaging in any agreements or negotiations about future employment until a successor has been selected unless the member files a statement with the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; and requires that members recuse themselves from any matter in which there is a conflict of interest or appearance of a conflict.
  • Requires senior staff to notify the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct within three days if they engage in negotiations or agreements for future employment or compensation.

• Executive Orders

  • In the United States, an executive order is an order or directive issued by the head of the executive branch at some level of government.
  • In the United States, an executive order is an order or directive issued by the head of the executive branch at some level of government.
  • The term executive order is most commonly applied to orders issued by the President, who is the head of the executive branch of the federal government.
  • Presidents have issued executive orders since 1789, usually to help officers and agencies of the executive branch manage the operations within the federal government itself.
  • The administrative weight of these proclamations is upheld because they are often specifically authorized by congressional statute, making them "delegated unilateral powers."

• Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists

  • Lobbying the Executive Branch is similar to any other branch of the U.S. government and is regulated by laws pertaining to disclosure.
  • Executive branch agencies added a new layer of rule-making to congressional legislation.
  • In many ways, lobbying the Executive Branch is similar to any other branch of the U.S. government and is thereby regulated by laws pertaining to disclosure discussed in Regulation Congressional Lobbyists.
  • However, it is true that many executive branch agencies have the power to write specific rules and are a target of lobbying.
  • Further complicating the relationship between lobbying and the Executive Branch is the fact that it is possible for one level of government to lobby another level.

• The Ford Administration

  • One of the first acts the new president took to deal with the economy was to create the Economic Policy Board by Executive Order on September 30, 1974.
  • On March 24, Ford received congressional leaders of both parties and informed them of the reassessment of the administration policies in the Middle East.
  • For six months between March and September 1975, the United States refused to conclude any new arms agreements with Israel.
  • The agreement guaranteed the territorial integrity of Vietnam and, like the Geneva Conference of 1954, called for national elections in the North and South.

• The Expansion of Presidential Powers

  • The president is the head of the executive branch of the federal government and is constitutionally obligated to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed. " The executive branch has over four million employees, including members of the military.
  • Historically, two doctrines concerning executive power have developed that enable the president to exercise executive power with a degree of autonomy.
  • The first is executive privilege, which allows the president to withhold from disclosure any communications made directly to the president in the performance of executive duties.
  • In other words, they did not expect a strong executive.
  • Obama's administrative appointment made during a Congressional recess, and is scheduled to rule on the constitutionality of an executive order know as DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) that delays deportation of undocumented residents who arrived as children.