convertibility

Examples of convertibility in the following topics:

• Overview of Convertible Securities

  • Convertible securities are convertible bonds or preferred stocks that pay regular interest and can be converted into shares of common stock.
  • A convertible bond (CB) is a type of bond that can be converted into shares of common stock in the issuing company or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price.
  • Convertible bonds are usually issued offering a higher yield than obtainable on the shares into which the bonds convert.
  • Conversion ratio: The number of shares each convertible bond converts into.
  • In particular, the equity option embedded in the convertible bond may be a source of cheap volatility, which convertible arbitrageurs can then exploit.

• Convertible Stock

  • A convertible security, such as convertible preferred stock, is any security that can be converted into another.
  • This refers to any security that can be converted into another security.
  • Convertible securities can include bonds that pay interest or preferred stocks that pay dividends.
  • Accounting principles require the reporting of convertible preferred stock in the same manner as non-convertible preferreds.
  • A public company's preferred stock is designated as convertible if it can be exchanged for common stock.

• Converting the Conic Equation of a Parabola to Standard Form

• Converting Units

  • Converting between units can be done through the use of conversion factors or specific conversion formulas.
  • It is often necessary to convert from one type of unit to another.
  • In this case, you will need to convert units of feet to miles.
  • One commonly used method is known as the Factor-label method for converting units, or the "railroad method. "
  • For example, 10 miles per hour can be converted to meters per second by using a sequence of conversion factors.

• The Nitrogen Cycle

  • The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted from organic to inorganic forms; many steps are performed by microbes.
  • Complex species interactions allow organisms to convert nitrogen to usable forms and exchange it between themselves.
  • Fixation: In order for organisms to use atmospheric nitrogen (N2), it must be "fixed" or converted into ammonia (NH3).
  • It is then further converted by the bacteria to make their own organic compounds.
  • Ammonification/Mineralization: In ammonification, bacteria or fungi convert the organic nitrogen from dead organisms back into ammonium (NH4+).

• Pyruvic Acid and Metabolism

  • It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine, and it can be converted into ethanol.
  • Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A, which is the main input for a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle.
  • Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted by fermentation to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH in lactate fermentation.
  • Alternatively it is converted to acetaldehyde and then to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
  • It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and be converted into ethanol.

• The Reverse TCA Cycle

  • 1) oxaloacetate is converted to malate (NADH/H+ is utilized and NAD+ is produced)
  • 3) fumarate is converted to succinate via a fumarate-reductase enzyme (FADH2 is converted to FAD)
  • 4) succinate is converted to succinyl-CoA (ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP+Pi)
  • 6) alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to isocitrate (NAD(P)H/H+ and CO2 is broken down to NAD(P+)
  • 8) ATP citrate lyase is then used to convert citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA (ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi).

• Converting between Moles and Atoms

  • By understanding the relationship between moles and Avogadro's number, scientists can convert between number of moles and number of atoms.
  • Therefore, given the relationship 1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 atoms, converting between moles and atoms of a substance becomes a simple dimensional analysis problem.
  • Reversing the calculation above, it is possible to convert a number of atoms to a molar quantity by dividing it by Avogadro's number:
  • Convert between the number of moles and the number of atoms in a given substance using Avagadro's number

• The Phosphorus Cycle

  • Plants assimilate phosphorous from the environment and then convert it from inorganic phosphorous to organic phosphorous.
  • The organic phosphorous is released and converted back into inorganic phosphorous through decomposition.
  • Much of the phosphorous is then converted to organic phosphorous, and primary productivity then declines.
  • Phosphorous is converted between its organic and inorganic forms.
  • Plants convert phosphorous to its organic form, and bacteria convert it back to the inorganic form through decomposition

• Nitrospirae and Deferribacter

  • Luckily, these compounds are converted to less and less toxic forms through this Nitrogen Cycle.
  • By a process known as nitrification, bacteria convert these waste products to less toxic forms.
  • First the ammonia is converted to nitrites by Nitrosomonas; this compound is still toxic.
  • Next, nitrites are converted to nitrates by Nitrobacter or Nitrospira.
  • Legend: (1) Addition of food and nutrients, (2) Production of urea and ammonia by fish, (3) Ammonia is converted to nitrites by beneficial nitrosomonas bacteria, (4) Nitrites are converted to nitrates by beneficial nitrospira bacteria.