ethnic enclave

Examples of ethnic enclave in the following topics:

• Neighborhood

  • Ethnic enclaves were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today.
  • Justify the importance of neighborhoods and communities as units of socialization, especially when specialized, such as by ethnicity or religion

• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

  • Such societies are considered more susceptible to class conflict as well as racial and ethnic conflicts.
  • Fredric Jameson highlights the ambivalent envy felt by members of gesellschaft for remaining enclaves of gemeinschaft, even as the former inevitably corrode the existence of the latter.

• Chinese Exclusion and Chinese Rights

  • After being forcibly driven from the mines, most Chinese settled in enclaves in cities, mainly San Francisco, and took up low end wage labor such as restaurant work and laundry just to earn enough to live.
  • Amendments made in 1884 tightened the provisions that allowed previous immigrants to leave and return, and clarified that the law applied to ethnic Chinese regardless of their country of origin.

• The Nativist Response to Immigration

  • After being forcibly driven from the mines, most Chinese settled in enclaves in cities, mainly San Francisco, and took up low end wage labor such as restaurant work and laundry just to earn enough to live.
  • The ethnic violence which swept Chinatown resulted in four deaths and the destruction of more than $100,000 worth of property belonging to the city's Chinese immigrant population.
  • The ethnic violence was only halted on the night of July 24 through the combined efforts of police, the state militia, and as many as 1,000 members of citizen's vigilance committee, each armed with a hickory pickaxe handle.

• Ethnicity

  • The process that results in the emergence of an ethnicity is known as ethnogenesis.
  • The following categories - "ethnic categories," "ethnic networks," "ethnies" or "ethnic communities," and "situational ethnicity" - were developed in order to distinguish the instances when ethnic classification is the labeling of others and when it is a case of self-identification.
  • A "situational ethnicity" is an ethnic identity that is chosen for the moment based on the social setting or situation.
  • Primordialism holds that ethnicity has existed at all times of human history and that modern ethnic groups have historical roots far into the past.
  • Perennialism holds that ethnicity is ever changing, and that while the concept of ethnicity has existed at all times, ethnic groups are generally short lived before the ethnic boundaries realign in new patterns.

• Ethnic Groups

  • An ethnic group is a group of people who share a common heritage, culture, and/or language; in the U.S., ethnicity often refers to race.
  • Most prominently in the U.S., Latin American descended populations are grouped in a "Hispanic" or "Latino" ethnicity.
  • The many previously designated "Oriental" ethnic groups are now classified as the "Asian" racial group for the census.
  • The terms "Black" and "African American," while different, are both used as ethnic categories in the U.S.
  • Explain why ethnic and racial categories tend to overlap in the U.S.

• Practice 1: Goodness-of-Fit Test

  • The cumulative number of AIDS cases reported for Santa Clara County is broken down by ethnicity as follows: (Source: HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Santa Clara County, Santa Clara County Public Health Department, May 2011)
  • The percentage of each ethnic group in Santa Clara County is as follows:
  • If the ethnicity of AIDS victims followed the ethnicity of the total county population, fill in the expected number of cases per ethnic group.
  • Perform a goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the make-up of AIDS cases follows the ethnicity of the general population of Santa Clara County.
  • Does it appear that the pattern of AIDS cases in Santa Clara County corresponds to the distribution of ethnic groups in this county?

• Race and Ethnicity

  • Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include:
  • Unlike race, ethnicity is not usually externally assigned by other individuals.
  • The term ethnicity focuses more upon a group's connection to a perceived shared past and culture.
  • An example of an ethnic group in the U.S. is Hispanic or Latino.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • For Karl Marx, class conflict was most prominent; other theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more significant.
  • For Marx, issues related to race and ethnicity are secondary to class struggle.
  • Other early conflict theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more central.
  • Sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz, in Grundriss der Soziologie (Outlines of Sociology, 1884), described how civilization has been shaped by conflict between cultures and ethnic groups, theorizing that large complex human societies evolved from war and conquest.
  • Explain race and ethnicity from the perspective of different conflict theorists

• Culture, Ethnicity, and Race

  • As society becomes more diverse, the speaker will find it useful to learn more about the cultures, races and ethnic groups in each audience.
  • Before considering the role of culture, race and ethnicity in audience analysis it is useful to distinguish among the terms.
  • Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include:
  • In order for the speaker to collect objective knowledge about other cultures, racial or ethnic groups it is important to avoid prejudice.
  • When looking at another culture or ethnic group in order to compensate for ethnocentrism as a speaker, try to look at the other group through the eyes of the members of that particular ethnic or cultural group.