Fatimid dynasty

Examples of Fatimid dynasty in the following topics:

• The Abbasid Empire

  • The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name.
  • The Shiʻa Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid dynasty, who claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter, declared himself Caliph in 909 CE and created a separate line of caliphs in North Africa.
  • The Fatimid caliphs initially controlled Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, and they expanded for the next 150 years, taking Egypt and Palestine.
  • The Abbasid dynasty finally challenged Fatimid rule, limiting them to Egypt.
  • The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 CE and created separate lines of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE.

• Post-Byzantine Egypt

  • The dynasty ruled across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and it was under its rule when Egypt became the center of the caliphate.
  • Egypt flourished and the Fatimids developed an extensive trade network in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean.
  • Their trade and diplomatic ties extended all the way to China and its Song Dynasty, which eventually determined the economic course of Egypt during the High Middle Ages.
  • The Fatimids reserved separate pulpits for different Islamic sects, where the scholars expressed their various ideas.
  • He founded the Ayyubid dynasty and incorporated the Fatimid state into the Abbasid Caliphate.

• Spread of Islam

  • Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, and Ajurans, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Mughals in India, Safavids in Persia, and Ottomans in Anatolia were among the largest and most powerful in the world.

• The Third Crusade

  • After the failure of the Second Crusade, the Zengid dynasty controlled a unified Syria and engaged in a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt.

• The Northern Song Era

  • The Song court maintained diplomatic relations with Chola India, the Fatimid Caliphate, Srivijaya, the Kara-Khanid Khanate of Central Asia, and other countries that were also trade partners with Japan.
  • From its inception under Taizu, the Song dynasty alternated between warfare and diplomacy with the ethnic Khitans of the Liao dynasty in the northeast and with the Tanguts of the Western Xia in the northwest.
  • The Song dynasty used military force in an attempt to quell the Liao dynasty and to recapture the Sixteen Prefectures, a territory under Khitan control that was traditionally considered to be part of China proper.
  • The Jurchen, a subject tribe of the Liao, rebelled against them and formed their own state, the Jin dynasty (1115–1234).
  • The extent of the land holdings of the Northern Song dynasty in 1111.

• Expansion Under the Umayyad Caliphates

  • This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca.
  • The Umayyad dynasty was not universally supported within the Muslim community for a variety of reasons, including their hereditary election and suggestions of impious behavior.
  • However, the Shiʻat ʻAlī, "the Party of Ali," were again disappointed when the Abbasid dynasty took power, as the Abbasids were descended from Muhammad's uncle `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, and not from Ali.
  • Abd-ar-Rahman stopped the Fatimid advance into caliphate land in Morocco and al-Andalus.

• The Qing Dynasty

• Introduction to the Shang Dynasty

  • The Shang Dynasty (also called the Yin Dynasty) succeeded the Xia Dynasty and was followed by the Zhou Dynasty.
  • Jie, the last king of the Xia Dynasty, the first Chinese dynasty, was overthrown c. 1760 BCE by Cheng Tang.
  • While scholars still debate whether the Xia Dynasty actually existed, almost no one doubts that the Shang Dynasty existed.
  • The Shang Dynasty is therefore generally considered China's first historical dynasty.
  • The Shang Dynasty is the oldest Chinese dynasty supported by archaeological finds.

• The Second Intermediate Period

  • The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650 - 1550 BCE) spanned the Fourteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties and was a period in which decentralized rule split Egypt between the Theban-based Seventeenth Dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Sixteenth Dynasty under the Hyksos in the north.
  • They would also conquer the Sixteenth Dynasty in Thebes and a local dynasty in Abydos (see below).
  • This dynasty ruled the Theban region in Upper Egypt for 70 years, while the armies of the Fifteenth Dynasty advanced against southern enemies and encroached on Sixteenth territory.
  • The Abydos Dynasty was a short-lived local dynasty that ruled over part of Upper Egypt and was contemporaneous with the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties, c. 1650-1600 BCE.
  • Thebes was the capital of many of the Sixteenth Dynasty pharaohs.

• The Crusades

  • For example, the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre but his successor allowed the Byzantine Empire to rebuild it.
  • It became acceptable for the Pope to utilize knights in the name of Christendom, not only against political enemies of the Papacy, but also against Al-Andalus, or, theoretically, against the Seljuq dynasty in the east.