Examples of first-generation rights in the following topics:
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The Rights of the Accused
- The rights of the accused include the right to a fair trial; due process; and the right to privacy.
- First-generation human rights, often called "blue" rights, deal essentially with liberty and participation in political life.
- First-generation rights include, among other things, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religion and voting rights.
- They comprise the first portion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with economic, social and cultural rights comprising the second portion).
- The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.
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Control and Preemption
- Shareholders have the right of preemption, meaning they have the first chance at buying newly issued shares of stock before the general public.
- These rights may include:
- Owners of common and preferred stock generally have to wait until debt-holders receive assets after bankruptcy to see any assets after liquidation.
- A preemption right, or right of preemption, is a contractual right to acquire certain property coming into existence before it can be offered to any other person or entity.
- This right is frequently applied for shareholders of a business entity as they are usually offered the first chance to buy newly issued shares of stock before it becomes available to the general public.
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The First Amendment
- For example, the First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech to the general populace but the English Bill of Rights protected only free speech in Parliament .
- Lastly, the First Amendment was one of the first guarantees of religious freedom: neither the English Bill of Rights nor the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen contain a similar guarantee.
- The US Bill of Rights drew many of its First Amendment provisions from other countries' bill of rights, such as the English Bill of Rights.
- The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees Americans the right to a free press.
- Compare and contrast civil rights with civil liberties with respect to the First Amendment
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Examples of Least Squares
- Let's make sure we get the same thing using the generalized inverse approach.
- $\left(1,1,1, ... , 1\right) \left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 1 \\ 1 \\ \vdots \\ 1 \end{array} \right) = n.$
- $\left( A^T A \right)^{-1} = \frac{1}{5} \left( \begin{array}{cc} 6 & -1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{array} \right) .$
- So the generalized inverse solution (i.e., the least squares solution) is
- The interpretation of this solution is that it satisfies the first equation exactly (since $x + y = 0$ ) and it does an average job of satisfying the second and third equations.
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Summing Terms in an Arithmetic Sequence
- First we think of it as the sum of terms that are written in terms of $a_1$, so that the second term is $a_1+d$, the third is $a_1+2d$, and so on.
- $S_n = a_1 + \left(a_1 + d\right) + \left(a_1 +2d\right) + \cdots + \left[a_1 + \left(n-2\right)d\right] + \left[a_1 + \left(n-1\right)d\right]$
- This can be thought of as $n$ times the average of the first and last terms.
- We can see that the first term is $a_1 = 3$.
- The general form for an infinite arithmetic series is:
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Citizenship Rights
- Constitution and Bill of Rights.
- Constitution and Bill of Rights.
- This policy is called by jus soli (Latin legal term), meaning "right of soil. " These first two factors are usually lumped together under the term birthright citizenship .
- It generally describes a person with legal rights within a given political order.
- More generally, citizenship is seen as the relation between an individual and a particular nation.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the barbarism of World War II.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris.
- The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of what many people believe to be the rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled.
- The International Bill of Human Rights consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols.
- In 1966, the General Assembly adopted the two detailed Covenants, which complete the International Bill of Human Rights.
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Freedom of Assembly and Petition
- The First Amendment establishes the right to assembly and the right to petition the government.
- The Petition Clause in the First Amendment states, "Congress shall make no law… abridging … the right of the people… to petition the government for a redress of grievances. " The Petition Clause prohibits Congress from restricting the people's right to appeal to government in favor of or against policies that affect them or about which they feel strongly, including the right to gather signatures in support of a cause and to lobby legislative bodies for or against legislation.
- Freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom of joining an association, but both are recognized as rights under the First Amendment's provision on freedom of assembly.
- The right of assembly was originally distinguished from the right to petition.
- The right to petition is generally concerned with expression directed to the government seeking redress of a grievance, while the right to assemble is speaking more so to the right of Americans to gather together.
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The Fields
- $\displaystyle {\bf E}(r,t) = \kern-2mm q \left [ \frac{({\bf n} - \beta)(1-\beta^2)}{\kappa^3 R^2} \right ]_\mathrm{ret}\!
- \frac{q}{c} \left [ \frac{\bf n}{\kappa^3 R} \times \left [ ({\bf n} - \beta ) \times \dot{\beta} \right ]\right ]_\mathrm{ret} \\ {\bf B}(r,t) = \kern-2mm\left [ {\bf n} \times {\bf E}(r,t) \right ]_\mathrm{ret}.$
- The first part is proportional to $1/R^2$ and it is simply a generalization of the field for a stationary charge.
- $\displaystyle {\bf E}_{rad}(r,t) = + \frac{q}{c} \left [ \frac{\bf n}{\kappa^3 R} \times \left [ ({\bf n} - \beta ) \times \dot{\beta} \right ]\right ] \\ {\bf B}_{rad}(r,t) = \left [ {\bf n} \times {\bf E}_{rad}(r,t) \right ].$
- $\displaystyle {\bf S} = {\bf n} \frac{q^2}{4\pi c \kappa^6 R^2} \left | {\bf n} \times \left \{ \left ( {\bf n} - \beta \right ) \times {\dot{\beta}} \right \} \right |^2$
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The Right to Privacy
- This was first recognized by several Supreme Court Justices in Griswold v.
- The article is widely regarded as the first publication in the United States to advocate a right to privacy, articulating that right primarily as a right to be left alone.
- However, in truth it was inspired by more general coverage of intimate personal lives in society columns of newspapers.
- The First Amendment protects the right to free assembly, broadening privacy rights.
- This was first recognized by several Supreme Court Justices in Griswold v.