immunology

Examples of immunology in the following topics:

• The Future of Diagnostic Immunology

  • The future of diagnostic immunology lies in the production of specific antibody-based assays and the development of improved vaccines.
  • Modern immunology relies heavily on the use of antibodies as highly specific laboratory reagents.
  • Immunologic methods are used in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and in the large number of immune-mediated diseases.
  • Immunology is a relatively young science and there is still so much to discover.
  • Describe how immunologic methods are used in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and immune-mediated diseases

• Cancer Immunology

  • Cancer immunology examines the interaction between cancer cells and the immune system.
  • Cancer immunology is the study of interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies).

• Immunological Memory

  • Immunological memory refers to the ability of B and T cells to produce cells that become long-lived memory cells against specific pathogens.
  • Immunological memory can either be in active long-term memory or passive short-term memory.
  • Because the passive memory from the mother is short term and comes from antibodies instead of B cells themselves, infants do not inherit long term immunological memory from the mother.
  • The key components to long-term active memory are that they consist of rapid response and are form permanent immunological memory so long as those memory cells survive.

• Immunological Memory

  • Immunological memory allows the adaptive immune system to very rapidly clear infections that it has encountered before.

• Basic Microbiology

  • Microbiology typically includes the study of the immune system, or immunology.
  • Generally, immune systems interact with pathogenic microbes; these two disciplines often intersect which is why many colleges offer a paired degree such as "Microbiology and Immunology. "
  • Microbiology is a broad term which includes virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology, immunology, and other branches.

• Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses

  • Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen.
  • Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
  • This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered.
  • In immunology, self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system.
  • Because immunological memory has developed, reinfection at later times leads to a rapid increase in antibody production and effector T cell activity.

• Immunoassays for Disease

  • Immunology is the study of molecules, cells, and organs that make up the immune system.
  • These methods provide high sensitivity and specificity and have become standard techniques in diagnostic immunology.

• In Vivo Testing

  • Polyclonal antibodies are applied in immunological assays to diagnose disease.
  • In vivo testing remains a crucial step for the evaluation of in vitro experimental findings and the production of immunological solutions needed for the diagnosis of human diseases.

• Is Being Too Clean a Bad Thing?

  • Studies have shown that various immunological and autoimmune diseases are much less common in the developing world than the industrialized world, and that immigrants to the industrialized world from the developing world increasingly develop immunological disorders in relation to the length of time since arrival in the industrialized world.

• Specimen Collection

  • Applying one's knowledge of microbiology and immunology for the collection, transportation and storage of specimens is as important as it is in the laboratory.
  • There are several types of specimens recommended for diagnosis of immunological diseases including: serum samples, virology swab samples, biopsy and necropsy tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, whole blood for PCR, and urine samples.