irrigation

Examples of irrigation in the following topics:

• How a business can save water

  • Harvested rainwater (from collection tanks on rooftops or building sides) can be used for irrigation, landscaping, toilet flushing and other purposes.
  • Use drip irrigation methods for landscaping needs.
  • Drip irrigation involves laying a perforated water hose a few centimetres below the ground.
  • Potable bottled water cost twice as much as petrol, so we used grey water (from a sewage treatment plant) in our drip irrigation system.
  • Never place watering or irrigation systems on a timer.

• Society Under the Zhou Dynasty

  • Under the initial period of the Zhou Dynasty (called the Western Zhou period), a number of innovations were made, rulers were legitimized under the Mandate of Heaven, a feudal system developed, and new forms of irrigation allowed the population to expand.
  • A number of important innovations took place in this period: the Zhou moved away from worship of Shangdi, the supreme god under the Shang, in favor of Tian ("heaven"), they legitimized rulers through the Mandate of Heaven (divine right to rule), they moved to a feudal system, developed Chinese philosophy, and made new advances in irrigation allowed more intensive farming, which allowed the lands of China to sustain larger populations.

• Akkadian Government, Culture, and Economy

  • The population of Akkad, like nearly all pre-modern states, was entirely dependent upon the agricultural systems of the region, which seem to have had two principal centers: the irrigated farmlands of southern Iraq and the rain-fed agriculture of northern Iraq, known as the "Upper Country. "
  • Southern Iraq during Akkadian period seems to have approached its modern rainfall level of less than one inch per year, with the result that agriculture was entirely dependent upon irrigation.
  • Before the Akkadian period, the progressive salinization of the soils, produced by poorly drained irrigation, had been reducing yields of wheat in the southern part of the country.
  • Even so, the flat country and weather uncertainties made flooding much more unpredictable than in the case of other river civilizations; serious deluges seem to have been a regular occurrence and required constant maintenance of irrigation ditches and drainage systems.
  • Nomadic Amorites from the northwest would pasture their flocks of sheep and goats to graze on the stubble watered from the river and irrigation canals.

• The Nile River

  • The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops and also fueled social development and culture by providing an abundance of rich natural resources.
  • The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians included the quarrying, surveying, and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics; a practical and effective system of medicine; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques; the first known ships; glass technology; and new forms of literature.

• Evaluating Policies

  • Infrastructure: Transporting goods, irrigation facilities, land utilization, and a variety of other logistics concerns are required by the government to enable effective economic trade (domestically and internationally).
  • Water:Access to clean, potable water is a basic necessity to which not everyone has access.Effective sewage systems for irrigation and effective water treatment for sanitation are a required input, and must be provided via governmental centralized infrastructure.

• State Formation

  • According to one early theory of state formation, the centralized state was developed to administer large public works systems (such as irrigation systems) and to regulate complex economies.
  • Often, these civilizations relied on complex irrigation systems that had to be centrally managed.
  • The people, therefore, had good reason to give control to a central state, but in giving up control over the irrigation system, they also gave up control over their own livelihoods and, thus, the central state gained immense control over people in general.

• How businesses waste water

  • (BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3747724.stm) Interestingly, although our planet is mostly covered by water, more than 97% of it contains salt, making it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation (desalinating salt water produces one-third potable water and two-thirds poisonous, intensely salted waste that cannot be reintroduced into the environment without repercussions).

• Batch Culture of Bacteriophages

  • As phage virions do not move independently, they must rely on random encounters with the right receptors when in solution within blood, lymphatic circulation, irrigation, soil water, or other environments..

• Legislative Leadership

  • Roosevelt encouraged the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 to promote federal construction of dams to irrigate small farms and placed 230 million acres (360,000 mi² or 930,000 km²) under federal protection.

• Moche

  • Because irrigation was the source of wealth and foundation of the empire, the Moche culture emphasized the importance of circulation and flow.