salinization

Examples of salinization in the following topics:

• Medical Solutions: Colligative Properties

  • One class of medical solutions is known as saline solutions.
  • Saline solutions can vary in their concentrations.
  • Typically, saline is found at a 0.90% w/v of NaCl in water.
  • The saline solution is expected to restore the salinity levels in the blood.
  • A bag of saline.

• Estuaries: Where the Ocean Meets Fresh Water

  • Estuaries, composed of a mix of fresh and salt water and their living communities, are influenced by salinity and the changing tides.
  • Salinity of estuaries is a very important factor that influences the organisms found there and their adaptations.
  • The salinity, which varies, is based on the rate of flow of its freshwater sources.
  • The short-term and rapid variation in salinity due to the mixing of fresh water and salt water is a difficult physiological challenge for the plants and animals that inhabit estuaries.
  • The salinity levels within an estuary are dependent on the tides; during low tide, salt water influx levels are reduced.

• Nonthermophilic Crenarchaeota

  • Halophiles are found mainly in inland bodies of water with high salinity, where their pigments (from a protein called rhodopsinprotein) tint the sediment bright colors.
  • Rhodopsin protein and other proteins serve to protect Halococcus from the extreme salinities of the environment.
  • Halococcus is able to survive in its high-saline habitat by preventing the dehydration of its cytoplasm.
  • Special chlorine pumps allow the organisms to retain chloride to maintain osmotic balance with the salinity of their habitat.

• Osmoregulators and Osmoconformers

  • Stenohaline organisms, such as goldfish, can tolerate only a relatively-narrow range of salinity.
  • These organisms, such as the salmon, are tolerant of a relatively-wide range of salinity.
  • Compare the ability of stenohaline and euryhaline organisms to adapt to external fluctuations in salinity

• Plasma and Blood Volume Expanders

  • Crystalloids: The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood (isotonic).
  • Saline solution is administered intravenously (IV drips) and increases both intravascular and interstitial volume.
  • A bag of saline.
  • Saline can be used to increase blood volume when a blood transfusion is not possible.

• Freshwater Environments

  • Although most aquatic organisms have a limited ability to regulate their osmotic balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies.
  • During these migrations they undergo changes to adapt to the surroundings of the changed salinities; these processes are hormonally controlled.

• Microbial Environments and Microenvironments

  • Extremely saline environments (including those in which the salt concentration is saturating)

• Dark-Field Microscopy

  • It may be necessary to filter sample media (agar, water, saline) to exclude confusing contaminants.

• Breast Augmentation and Reduction

  • The surgical implantation approach effects global breast augmentation using either a saline-filled or a silicone-filled prosthetic breast; and it might also consist of corrections effected with transplanted skin flaps.

• Carbides

  • Salt-like (saline) carbides are composed of the highly electropositive atoms, such as the alkali, alkali earth, and group-III metals, mixed with carbon.