Lost Cause

Examples of Lost Cause in the following topics:

• Sectionalism and the New South

  • Yale Professor Roland Osterweis summarizes the content that pervaded "Lost Cause" writings:
  • The Legend of the Lost Cause began as mostly a literary expression of the despair of a bitter, defeated people over a lost identity.
  • The "Lost Cause" beliefs were founded upon several historically inaccurate elements.
  • The term "Lost Cause" first appeared in the title of an 1866 book by the historian Edward A.
  • Pollard: The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates.

• The Aftermath of the War

  • Some scholars, such as those of the Lost Cause tradition, argue that the Union held an insurmountable long-term advantage over the Confederacy in terms of industrial strength and population.
  • Lincoln's eloquence was also important in rationalizing the national purpose and his skill in keeping the border states committed to the Union cause.

• Hormonal Regulation of the Excretory System

  • Dehydration or physiological stress can cause an increase of osmolarity above threshold levels, which, in turn, raises ADH secretion and water retention, causing an increase in blood pressure.
  • ADH release can be reduced by certain substances, including alcohol, which can cause increased urine production and dehydration.
  • If the posterior pituitary does not release enough ADH, water cannot be retained by the kidneys and is lost as urine.
  • This causes increased thirst, but water taken in is lost again and must be continually consumed.
  • Angiotensin II, in addition to being a potent vasoconstrictor, also causes an increase in ADH and increased thirst, both of which help to raise blood pressure.

• Decline of the Tang Dynasty

  • Political and economic control of the northeast region became intermittent or was lost, and the emperor became a sort of puppet, set to do the bidding of the strongest garrison.
  • Furthermore, the Tang government also lost most of its control over the Western Regions, due to troop withdrawal to central China to attempt to crush the rebellion and deal with subsequent disturbances.
  • By 790 Chinese control over the Tarim Basin area was completely lost.
  • Many intellectuals had their careers interrupted, giving them time to ponder the causes of the unrest.
  • Some lost faith in themselves, concluding that a lack of moral seriousness in intellectual culture had been the cause of the rebellion.

• Alopecia

  • Alopecia areata is a medical condition, possibly autoimmune, where hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, especially the scalp.
  • Alopecia areata (AA) is a medical condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body.
  • Alopecia usually affects the hair of the scalp, but can also cause the loss of hair from the eyebrows, eyelashes, and body.
  • Because it causes bald spots on the scalp, especially in the first stages, it is sometimes called spot baldness .
  • In terms of adapting to the disease rather than treating in an effort to cure, wigs are often used by those with alopecia, particularly alopecia totalis, in which hair is entirely lost from the scalp.

• Sensory Registers

  • If I do not attend to it, it fades from this memory store and is lost.
  • Each memory stage has four attributes: representation, capacity, duration, and cause of forgetting.
  • The main cause of forgetting is decay.
  • Representation in the auditory register is echoic (based on sound); its duration is 2-3 seconds, it is only limited to the sounds we actually can hear and decay is the primary cause for forgetting.

• Sodium Balance Regulation

  • Extra sodium is lost from the body by reducing the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which leads to increased sodium loss from the body.
  • Sodium is lost through the kidneys, sweat, and feces.
  • A high plasma potassium also increases aldosterone secretion because besides retaining Na+ high plasma aldosterone causes K+ loss by the kidney.
  • This immediately causes release of ADH which causes water to be retained, thus retaining Na+ and H2O in the right proportion to restore plasma volume.
  • Elevated blood pressure will also tend to cause Na+ loss and a low blood pressure usually leads to sodium retention.

• Repressed Memories

  • Psychological disorders exist that could cause the repression of memories.
  • Psychogenic amnesia is distinguished from organic amnesia in that it is supposed to result from a nonorganic cause; no structural brain damage or brain lesion should be evident, but some form of psychological stress should precipitate the amnesia.
  • A classic study in memory research conducted by Elizabeth Loftus became widely known as the "lost in the mall" experiment. 
  • In this study, subjects were given a booklet containing three accounts of real childhood events written by family members and a fourth account of a fictitious event of being lost in a shopping mall.
  • Some of the early research in memory conformity involved the "lost in the mall" technique.

• Habitat Loss and Sustainability

  • Clearing habitats for agriculture, for example, is the principal cause of habitat destruction.
  • Other important causes of habitat destruction include mining, logging, and urban sprawl.
  • Habitat destruction is currently ranked as the primary cause of species extinction worldwide.
  • In the humid tropics where forest loss is primarily from timber extraction, 272,000 km2 was lost out of a global total of 11,564,000 km2 (or 2.4 percent).
  • Since the Neolithic Revolution, about 47% of the world's forests have been lost to human use.

• Regulation of Water Output

  • Some fluid is lost through perspiration (part of the body's temperature control mechanism) and as water vapor in expired air, however these fluid losses are considered to be very minor.
  • ADH causes the walls of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to become permeable to water, drastically increasing the amount of water that is reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption.
  • Angiotensin II has a variety of effects (such as increasing thirst) but it also causes release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
  • This causes greatly increased reabsorption of sodium and water (which follows sodium osmotically by cotransport) while causing the secretion of potassium into urine.
  • Aldosterone will also cause a similar ion balancing effect in the colon and salivary glands as well.