microarray

Examples of microarray in the following topics:

• Uses of Genome Sequences

  • Genome sequences and expression can be analyzed using DNA microarrays, which can contribute to detection of disease and genetic disorders.
  • DNA microarrays are methods used to detect gene expression by analyzing an array of DNA fragments that are fixed to a glass slide or a silicon chip to identify active genes and identify sequences .
  • Almost one million genotypic abnormalities can be discovered using microarrays, whereas whole-genome sequencing can provide information about all six billion base pairs in the human genome.
  • DNA microarrays can be used to analyze gene expression within the genome.

• Microarrays and the Transciptome

  • The study of transcriptomics, also referred to as expression profiling, examines the expression level of mRNAs in a given cell population, often using high-throughput techniques based on DNA microarray technology.
  • DNA microarrays can provide a genome-wide method for comparison of the abundance of DNAs in the same samples.The DNA in spots can only be PCR products specific for individual genes.
  • The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands, the property of complementary nucleic acid sequences to specifically pair with each other by forming hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs.

• Genetic Analysis

  • Microarray hybridization is another technique used to characterize the dynamic nature of gene expression within a microbial cell.
  • Microarray technology allows whole organism gene expression to be investigated.
  • Summarize the techniques used to study genomes: PFGE. ordered clone approach, direct shotgun sequencing and microarray hybridization

• Whole-Genome DNA-Binding Analysis

  • The method of chromatin immunoprecipitation, combined with microarrays (ChIP-Chip), is a powerful tool for genome-wide analysis of protein binding.
  • The two differentially-labeled DNAs are hybridized to the same microarray and the difference in fluorescence intensity gives a measure of the enrichment .

• Basic Techniques in Protein Analysis

  • The basic techniques used to analyze proteins are mass spectrometry, x-ray crystallography, NMR, and protein microarrays.
  • Protein microarrays have also been used to study interactions between proteins.

• Autoimmune Diseases

  • Modern high throughput technologies, like mRNA microarrays, have enabled researchers to investigate diseases at a genome-wide level.

• Distribution-Free Tests

• Proteomics

  • New methods include protein microarrays, immunoaffinity, and chromatography followed by mass spectrometry , dual polarisation interferometry, Microscale Thermophoresis, and experimental methods such as phage display and computational methods.