middle passage

(noun)

The middle part of the sea voyage by which slaves were transported from Africa to America.

Related Terms

Examples of middle passage in the following topics:

  • The Middle Passage

    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade where millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World.
    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World for sale .
    • During the Middle Passage voyage, disease (especially dysentery and scurvy) and starvation were the major killers on the slave ships.
    • Slaves resisted in a variety of ways during the Middle Passage, usually by refusing to eat or committing suicide.
    • Africans were in turn brought to the regions depicted in blue, in what became known as the Middle Passage.

  • The Triangular Trade

    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade where millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World for sale.
    • An estimated 15% of African slaves died during the Middle Passage; historians estimate that the total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is approximately two million.
    • During the Middle Passage voyage, disease (especially dysentery and scurvy) and starvation were the major killers.
    • While the treatment of slaves on the Middle Passage varied by ship and voyage, it was often horrific.
    • Slaves resisted in a variety of ways during the Middle Passage, usually by refusing to eat or committing suicide.

  • The Federal Reserve Act

    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913.
    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913, as an attempt to carve out a middle ground between conservative Republicans, led by Senator Nelson W.

  • The Women's Rights Movement

    • In contrast to other organizations, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which focused on lobbying individual states (and from which the NWP split), the NWP put its priority on the passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women's suffrage.
    • After the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920, the NWP turned its attention to eliminating other forms of gender discrimination, principally by advocating passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which Paul drafted in 1923.
    • The NWP spoke for middle-class women, and its agenda was generally opposed by working class women and by the labor unions that represented working class men who feared low-wage women workers would lower the overall pay scale and demean the role of the male breadwinner.

  • Wilsonian Progressivism

    • Leading the Congress, now in Democratic hands, he oversaw the passage of Progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933.
    • Through passage of the Adamson Act, imposing an eight-hour workday for railroads, he averted a railroad strike and an ensuing economic crisis.
    • Wilson's tariff reform was largely achieved through the passage of the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.
    • It also was aided through the passage of the Federal Farm Loan Act (1916), which set up Farm Loan Banks to support farmers.
    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913, as an attempt to carve out a middle ground between conservative Republicans, led by Senator Nelson W.

  • Passage 1.2

  • Landrum-Griffin Act

    • After passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, the number of union victories in NLRB-conducted elections declined.
    • But in that first year after passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, unions only won around 70 percent of the representation elections conducted by the agency.
    • During the middle and late 1950s, the labor movement was under intense Congressional scrutiny for corruption, racketeering, and other misconduct.
    • Twenty years after the passage of the Act, co-sponsor Senator Robert Griffin extolled its success in writing, saying: "Today, nearly two decades after enactment, it is undeniable that the Landrum-Griffin Act has played a significant role in enabling union members to participate more freely in the affairs of their unions.

  • The French Empire

    • The search for a Northwest Passage to Asia and the burgeoning fur trade in Europe, drove the French to explore and settle North America.
    • Lawrence River Region had neither abundant gold nor a northwest passage to Asia.
    • From the middle of the 15th century forward, France tried to establish several colonies throughout North America that failed due to weather, disease, or conflict with other European powers.

  • The Camp David Accords

    • The Camp David Accords were part of the Middle East peace process through comprehensive, multi-lateral negotiations.
    • However, little progress was achieved on A Framework for Peace in the Middle East, the first framework to deal with the Palestinian territories.
    • There were two 1978 Camp David agreements: A Framework for Peace in the Middle East and A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, the second leading towards the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed in March 1979.
    • Israel agreed to withdraw its armed forces from the Sinai, evacuate its 4,500 civilian inhabitants, and restore it to Egypt in return for normal diplomatic relations with Egypt, guarantees of freedom of passage through the Suez Canal and other nearby waterways (such as the Straits of Tiran), and a restriction on the forces Egypt could place on the Sinai peninsula, especially within 20–40 km from Israel.
    • Describe the elements of the Framework for Peace in the Middle East and the Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel.

  • Treaty of Paris

    • French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and everything which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever.