National Industrial Recovery Act

Examples of National Industrial Recovery Act in the following topics:

• Industrial Recovery

  • The National Recovery Administration (NRA), which was one of the outcomes of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), was the main New Deal agency focused on industrial recovery.
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) only three months after he took over the office (June 1933).
  • Title I of the Act was devoted to industrial recovery.
  • Many of NIRA labor provisions reappeared in the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), passed later the same year.
  • Francis Perkins looks on as Franklin Roosevelt signs the National Labor Relations Act.

• Relief Measures

  • The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) gave Roosevelt broad powers to regulate industry and launch public works projects.
  • As noted by one authority, Roosevelt's New Deal "was literally stamped on the American landscape. " Perhaps more importantly, the projects put millions of unemployed back to work and contributed to the restoration of national pride.

• Resistance to Business Reform

  • The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), signed into law in June 1933, proposed comprehensive reforms to boost industrial recovery.  
  • The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was founded to implement NIRA.
  • In the aftermath of NIRA's failure, the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA; known also as the Wagner Act) was passed.
  • The act also created the National Labor Relations Board (not to confuse with the National Labor Board created under NRA!)
  • Contrast opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act with opposition to the National Labor Relations Act

• Government Involvement

  • Congress enacted a law regulating railroads in 1887 (the Interstate Commerce Act), and one preventing large firms from controlling a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act).
  • The 1929 stock market crash had initiated the most serious economic dislocation in the nation's history, the Great Depression (1929-1940).
  • The National Industrial Recovery Act, a short-lived New Deal program, sought to encourage business leaders and workers, with government supervision, to resolve conflicts and thereby increase productivity and efficiency.
  • The War Production Board coordinated the nation's productive capabilities so that military priorities would be met.
  • Automakers built tanks and aircraft, for example, making the United States the "arsenal of democracy. " In an effort to prevent rising national income and scarce consumer products to cause inflation, the newly created Office of Price Administration controlled rents on some dwellings, rationed consumer items ranging from sugar to gasoline, and otherwise tried to restrain price increases.

• Neglected Americans and the New Deal

  • The 1933 National Recovery Administration, the main First New Deal agency responsible for industrial recovery, had hardly anything to offer to African Americans as National Industrial Recovery Act's (NIRA) provisions covered the industries, from which black workers were usually excluded.
  • The Bankhead–Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937 provided affordable loans to tenant farmers in order to purchase land but relatively few African Americans benefited from the Act's provisions.
  • Nationally, two sectors relied heavily on female labor force: agriculture and domestic service.
  • The 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act, the 1935 National Labor Relations Act, and the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act all excluded agricultural and domestic workers.
  • Even the 1935 Social Security Act (SSA) heavily discriminated against women.

• The Second New Deal

  • The most important program of 1935 was the Social Security Act drafted by Francis Perkins.
  • The National Labor Relations Act revived and strengthened the protections of collective bargaining in the original National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).
  • The Act also established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to facilitate wage agreements.
  • The National Youth Administration was a semi-autonomous WPA program for youth.
  • In 1935, Roosevelt called for the Wealth Tax Act (Revenue Act of 1935) to redistribute wealth.

• Relief and Conservation Programs

  • In 1933, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act, giving Roosevelt broader powers to intervene in the economy and establish public works projects.
  • The act also created the Public Works Administration (PWA), an agency in charge of public works projects.
  • They also built an infrastructure, much of which remains in use today, and which helped restore national and local pride during the difficult 1930s.
  • The Social Security Act was an attempt to create a safety net against economic dangers such as old age, poverty, and unemployment.
  • The Public Works projects provided relief for the unemployed while upgrading the nation's infrastructure.

• Empowering Labor

  • One important attempt were labor protection and regulation provisions included in the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA, June 1933).
  • United States, the Supreme Court declared Title I (devoted to industrial recovery) of NIRA unconstitutional.
  • In the aftermath of NIRA's failure, the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA; known also as the Wagner Act) was passed.
  • The act also created the National Labor Relations Board, which was to guarantee the rights included in NLRA (as opposed to merely negotiating labor disputes) and organized labor unions representation elections.
  • Francis Perkins, the Secretary of Labor in the Roosevelt administration, looks on as Franklin Roosevelt signs the National Labor Relations Act.

• Minorities and the New Deal

  • The 1941 Executive Order 8802 banned racial discrimination in the national defense industry.
  • For example, the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) drove many black farmers from the land.
  • The 1933 National Recovery Administration, the main First New Deal agency responsible for industrial recovery, had hardly anything to offer to African Americans as National Industrial Recovery Act's (NIRA) provisions covered the industries, from which black workers were usually excluded.
  • In June 1941, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 (sometimes referred to as the Fair Employment Act).
  • The nation's oldest black collegiate fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha, took on the case of Pearson v.

• A New Direction for Unions

  • One of the flagship legislative proposals of the First New Deal (1933-34/5) was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA, June 1933).
  • The Roosevelt administration immediately followed with the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA; known also as the Wagner Act), which offered many of the labor protection and regulation provisions that were earlier included in NIRA.
  • The act also created the National Labor Relations Board, which was to guarantee the rights included in NLRA (as opposed to merely negotiating labor disputes) and organize labor unions representation elections.
  • It established a national minimum wage and overtime standards.
  • The CIO transitioned into a rival federation of unions under the new name of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.