Civilian Conservation Corps

Examples of Civilian Conservation Corps in the following topics:

• Relief Measures

  • The most popular of all New Deal agencies – and Roosevelt's favorite – was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which hired 250,000 unemployed young men to work on rural local projects.

• Relief and Conservation Programs

  • Conservation projects included reforestation and flood control, coupling environmental goals with unemployment relief.
  • Conservation projects included reforestation and flood control, coupling environmental goals with unemployment relief.
  • There were numerous rural welfare projects sponsored by the WPA, NYA, Forest Service, and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), including school lunch programs, construction of new schools, construction of roads in remote areas, reforestation, and purchase of marginal lands to enlarge national forests.
  • Although abolished by Congress in 1943, it was restored in 1961 and survives into the 21st century with little controversy because it benefits the urban poor, food producers, grocers and wholesalers, as well as farmers, thereby winning support from both liberal and conservative congressmen.

• Agricultural Initiatives and Recovery

  • Crop rotation,  fertilization, and conservation efforts were so modest at the times of intense production process that the soil was simply exhausted.
  • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC, 1933): A public works program that provided jobs for young, unmarried, unemployed men.
  • The program focused heavily on the conservation effort.
  • Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (1936): Allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production in order to conserve soil and prevent erosion.
  • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Planting Crew, author unknown, 1939.

• Neglected Americans and the New Deal

  • Black workers participated in all the major programs that created employment, including the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Works Progress Administration.  
  • As most employment programs, including WPA,  stipulated that only one family member could benefit from public employment, the jobs would usually go to males (interestingly, the Civilian Conservation Corps that created jobs for young men only was not limited by this rule).

• The Bonus Army

  • Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler, one of the most popular military figures of the time, visited the Bonus Army's camp to back the effort and encourage them.
  • A second, smaller Bonus March in 1933 at the start of the Roosevelt Administration, was defused in May with an offer of jobs for the Civilian Conservation Corps at Fort Hunt, Virginia, which most of the group accepted.

• Relief for the Unemployed

  • Other rural welfare projects sponsored by the WPA, NYA, Forest Service and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) included school lunches, building new schools, opening roads in remote areas, reforestation, and the purchase of marginal lands to enlarge national forests.
  • Although abolished by Congress in 1943, it was restored in 1961 and survives into the 21st century with little controversy, because it benefits the urban poor, food producers, grocers and wholesalers, as well as farmers, thereby winning support from both liberal and conservatives.

• Launching the New Deal

  • The Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) put large numbers of men at work in natural resources projects (e.g., in national forests).
  • The initiative combined conservation effort with creating jobs.

• Mobilization and the Development of the West

  • The Army established the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) in 1942, which served overseas in North Africa.
  • The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), created in 1943, were civilians who flew stateside missions chiefly to ferry planes when male pilots were in short supply.
  • The Marine Corps created the Marine Corps Women's Reserve in 1943.
  • Marine Corps were women.
  • In 1941 the first civilian women were hired by the Coast Guard to serve in secretarial and clerical positions.

• Intervention in Latin America

  • He was democratically elected Vice President by the people of Brazil in the same election that elected conservative Jânio Quadros.
  • The military regime that replaced Goulart would last until 1985, when Tancredo Neves would be indirectly elected the first civilian president of Brazil since the 1960 elections.
  • Marine Corps entered Santo Domingo on April 28, 1965 and ended in September of 1966.
  • Opposition groups, known as Loyalists, launched a military coup d'état in 1963, effectively negating the 1962 elections by installing a civilian junta dominated by former members of the Trujillo regime and headed by Donald Reid Cabral, an American-educated businessman.
  • All civilian advisers had recommended against immediate intervention, hoping that the Loyalist side could bring an end to the civil war on their own.

• Homefront Security

  • During World War II, millions of American civilians were recruited by civil defense government programs to serve as volunteers and aid the war effort.
  • It was dissolved shortly after the defeat of Japan in 1945, and was replaced by the Civilian Production Administration in late 1945.
  • On May 20, 1941 the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was created to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of civilians in case of war emergency.
  • Under the OCD, the Civil Defense Corps (CDF) were established.
  • Examine the role of the Civil Air Patrol and the Civil Defense Corps in monitoring home-front security during World War II.