Examples of passive immunity in the following topics:
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- Passive immunization can be exogenously administered (artificial) or transferred from mother to fetus (natural).
- There are two types of passive immunity: artificial and natural .
- Artificial passive immunity is achieved by infusion of serum or plasma containing high concentrations of antibody.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
- Describe how artificial and natural passive immunity function to provide antibody protection against microorganisms
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- Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.
- There are two ways to acquire passive resistance against disease: passive natural and passive artificial.
- Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream in the form of IgG.
- Passive immunity can also be in the form of IgA and IgG found in human colostrum and milk of babies who are nursed.
- IgA antibodies are transferred from mother to child in colostrum and milk and confer passive immunity.
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- There are two types of humoral immunity, active and passive humoral immunity.
- Active immunity can either be naturally occurring or passive.
- Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another.
- Passive immunity can occur naturally or artificially.
- Maternal passive immunity is a type of naturally acquired passive immunity, and refers to antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus by its mother during pregnancy.
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- Artificial immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or by previous infection or other non-immunological factors.
- Artificially-acquired passive immunity is an immediate, but short-term immunization provided by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells.
- Artificial passive immunization is normally administered by injection and is used if there has been a recent outbreak of a particular disease or as an emergency treatment for toxicity, as in for tetanus.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
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- When the immune system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body, it will orchestrate an immune response.
- The most important elements of the immune system that are improved by immunization are the T cells, the B cells, and the antibodies B cells produce.
- By contrast, in passive immunization, pre-synthesized elements of the immune system are transferred to a human body so it does not need to produce these elements itself.
- Currently, antibodies can be used for passive immunization.
- Passive immunization occurs physiologically, when antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus during pregnancy, to protect the fetus before and shortly after birth.
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- Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity is induced in the host or passively transferred from an immune host.
- Passive immunity is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T cells from an immune host, and is short lived—usually lasting only a few months.
- Humoral immunity is active when the organism generates its own antibodies, and passive when antibodies are transferred between individuals.
- Similarly, cell-mediated immunity is active when the organism's own T cells are stimulated and passive when T cells come from another organism.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
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- Immunological memory can either be in active long-term memory or passive short-term memory.
- Thus, the mother protects the infant through several layers of passive protection.
- Since the fetus isn't making any memory cells or antibodies, it is called passive immunity.
- The passive immunity is short-lived, ranging from a couple days to a couple months.
- Vaccinations take advantage of memory lymphocyte development by artificially generating active immunity, a process that is called immunization.
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- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen and can function as an epitope.
- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.
- Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex-mediated.
- The Arthus reaction involves the in situformation of antigen/antibody complexes after the intradermal injection of an antigen (as seen in passive immunity).
- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.
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- The adaptive immune response is mediated by B and T cells and creates immunity memory.
- The adaptive immune system mounts a stronger, and antigen specific immune response after the innate immune response fails to prevent a pathogen from causing an infection.
- There are two subdivisions of the adaptive immune system: cell-mediated immunity, and humoral immunity.
- Its name comes from the idea that blood is one of the humors of the body, because antibodies will provide passive or active immunity through circulation in the blood stream.
- Antibodies to provide a number of functions in humoral immunity.
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- The adaptive immune system works to protect and heal the body when the innate immune system fails.
- The adaptive immune system starts to work after the innate immune system is activated.
- The adaptive immune response occurs a few days after the innate immune response occurs.
- Immunological memory can either be in the form of passive short-term memory or active long-term memory.
- Passive memory is usually short-term, lasting between a few days and several months and is particularly important for newborn infants, who are given passive memory from maternal antibodies and immune cells given before birth.