Peace Conference of 1861

Examples of Peace Conference of 1861 in the following topics:

• Final Efforts at Compromise

  • Congressional leaders convened the Washington Peace Conference in an effort to prevent the rest of the Southern states from seceding.
  • The ensuing Washington Peace Conference of 1861 was the final cumulative effort by the individual states to resolve the crisis.
  • In the House, the Committee of Thirty-Three (composed of one member from each state) was formed to reach a compromise to preserve the Union.
  • The Peace Convention convened on February 4, 1861, at the same time that the seven Deep South states were forming a new government in Montgomery, Alabama.
  • With the adjournment of Congress, the inauguration of Lincoln as president, and the flood of new Republican leaders to power in Washington, Democrats in Congress could no longer work towards a sectional compromise.

• Secession of the South

  • Seven Deep South states passed secession ordinances by February 1861 in the aftermath of the 1860 presidential election.
  • Seven Deep South states passed secession ordinances by February 1861 prior to Abraham Lincoln acceding to office.
  • On February 4, 1861, a Peace Conference convened in Washington, D.C., comprised of more than 100 of the leading politicians of the antebellum period.
  • Delegations from Arkansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, Oregon, and all of the Deep South states were not present at the conference.
  • By spring 1861, the Confederacy was composed of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

• The Paris Peace Conference

  • The Paris Peace Conference determined the terms of peace after World War I between the victorious Allies and defeated Central Powers.
  • Following the Allied victory, President Woodrow Wilson met with his counterparts, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain and Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.
  • The most contentious outcome of the Paris Peace Conference was a punitive peace accord, the Treaty of Versailles, which included a “war-guilt clause” laying blame for the outbreak of war on Germany and, as punishment, weakening its military and required it to pay all war costs of the victorious nations.
  • Allied leaders during the Paris Peace Conference including, from left, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Italian Premier Vittorio Orlando, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and U.S.
  • Analyze the contentious negotiations between the U.S., Britain, and France at the Paris Peace Conference.

• The Potsdam Conference

  • The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.
  • In addition, it was at the Potsdam Conference that Truman became aware of possible complications elsewhere, when Stalin objected to Churchill's proposal for an early Allied withdrawal from Iran, ahead of the schedule agreed at the Tehran Conference.
  • At the end of the conference, the three Heads of Government agreed on the following actions.
  • All other issues were to be answered by the final peace conference to be called as soon as possible.
  • It is important to note that Truman delayed the Potsdam Conference in order to be sure of the functionality of this "powerful new weapon."

• The Yalta Conference

  • The Yalta Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.
  • The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D.
  • Yalta was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three.
  • They wanted to keep peace between post-world war countries.
  • By the time of the Conference, Red Army Marshal Georgy Zhukov's forces were 40 miles from Berlin.

• Wilson's Fourteen Points

  • The speech was delivered 10 months before the armistice with Germany in November 1918 and became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
  • House, on the topics most likely to arise in the anticipated peace conference at the end of the war.
  • The speech also addressed goals articulated in Vladimir Lenin's Decree on Peace of October 1917, including a just and democratic peace uncompromised by territorial annexations.
  • President Wilson became sick at the onset of the Paris Peace Conference, which began on January 18, 1919 at the Palace of Versailles approximately 12 miles from Paris.
  • The leaders of the "Big Four" Allied powers at the Paris Peace Conference, May 27, 1919.

• War Aims and Strategy

  • Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, known as the "Big Three," developed a plan of action for Allies in a series of informal meetings and official conferences.
  • The final major conference took place after the formal defeat of Nazi Germany  and after Roosevelt's death.
  • The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.
  • The Conference decided on the post-war fate of Indochina, Poland, and Germany.
  • Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of China (left), Roosevelt (middle), and Winston Churchill (right) at the Cairo Conference in December of 1943.

• Attack on Fort Sumter

  • By 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor was one of two federal possessions remaining in Southern territory.
  • Conditions at the fort were difficult during the winter of 1860–1861.
  • On January 9, 1861, as the Star of the West approached Charleston Harbor, batteries at Morris Island and Fort Moultrie opened fire, forcing it to withdraw.
  • The Fort Sumter crisis was waiting for President Lincoln upon his inauguration on March 4, 1861.
  • The South sent delegations to Washington, D.C., and offered to pay for the federal properties and enter into a peace treaty with the United States.

• Attempts at Disarmament

  • It was signed by all of the attendees to the Washington Naval Conference.
  • These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II.
  • In general, the agreement aimed to outlaw war and show the United States commitment to international peace (the U.S. did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles or became a member of the League of Nations).
  • The Kellogg-Briand Pact was more of a sign of good intentions on the part of the US, rather than a legitimate step towards the sustenance of world peace.
  • The League of Nations turned out to be ineffective in its efforts to act as an international peace-keeping organization.

• The USSR

  • During Stalin's totalitarian rule of the Soviet Union, he transformed the state through aggressive economic planning, the development of a cult of personality around himself, and the violent repression of so-called "enemies of the working class," overseeing the murder of millions of Soviet citizens.
  • Collectivization brought social change on a scale not seen since the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and alienation from control of the land and its produce.
  • Numerous towns, villages and cities were renamed after the Soviet leader (see List of places named after Stalin) and the Stalin Prize and Stalin Peace Prize were named in his honor.
  • He accepted grandiloquent titles (e.g., "Coryphaeus of Science," "Father of Nations," "Brilliant Genius of Humanity," "Great Architect of Communism," "Gardener of Human Happiness," and others), and helped rewrite Soviet history to provide himself a more significant role in the revolution of 1917.
  • From 1932 to 1934, the Soviet Union participated in the World Disarmament Conference.