the Golden Bull of 1356

Examples of the Golden Bull of 1356 in the following topics:

• Administration of the Empire

  • Although some procedures and institutions had been fixed, for example by the Golden Bull of 1356, the rules of how the king, the electors, and the other dukes should cooperate in the empire much depended on the personality of the respective king.
  • Without the presence of the king, the old institution of the Hoftag, the assembly of the realm's leading men, deteriorated.
  • The first class, the Council of Electors, consisted of the electors, or the princes who could vote for King of the Romans.
  • In 1356, Emperor Charles IV issued the Golden Bull, which limited the electors to seven: the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony, the Margrave of Brandenburg, and the archbishops of Cologne, Mainz, and Trier.
  • The number of territories in the empire was considerable, rising to about 300 at the time of the Peace of Westphalia.

• The Hohenzollerns

  • The cadet Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern was founded by Conrad I, Burgrave of Nuremberg (1186-1261).
  • Its ruling margraves were established as prestigious prince-electors in the Golden Bull of 1356, allowing them to vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • The House of Hohenzollern came to the throne of Brandenburg in 1415.
  • At the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, Brandenburg was recognized as the possessor of territories, which were more than 100 kilometers from the borders of Brandenburg and formed the nucleus of the later Prussian Rhineland.
  • For this reason, the Hohenzollerns continued to use the additional title of Elector of Brandenburg for the remainder of the empire's run.

• Mycenaean Metallurgy

  • Schleimann called the most famous of the death mask the Mask of Agamemnon, under the assumption that this was the burial site of the Homeric king.
  • These include a rhyton in the shape of a bull's head, with golden horns and a decorative, stylized gold flower, made from silver repoussé.
  • Other cups include the golden Cup of Nestor, a large two handle cup that Schleimann attributed to the legendary Mycenaean hero Nestor, a Trojan War veteran who plays a peripheral role in The Odyssey.
  • A third rhyton in the form of a bull's head, like the dagger above, suggests a similarity with the Minoan culture.
  • Its purpose as a ceremonial vessel arguably places the bull in a role of significance in the Mycenaean culture.

• Colonial Australian Art

  • The first artistic representations of the Australia scene by European artists were mainly natural history illustrations, depicting the distinctive flora and fauna of the land for scientific purposes and the topography of the coast.
  • Sydney Parkinson, the Botanical illustrator on James Cook's 1770 voyage that first charted the eastern coastline of Australia, made a large number of such drawings under the direction of naturalist Joseph Banks.
  • Some of the artists of note included Eugene von Guerard, Nicholas Chevalier, William Strutt, John Skinner Prout, and Knut Bull.
  • The origin of distinctly Australian painting is associated with the Heidelberg School of the 1880s-1890s.
  • Central themes of their art are considered those of work, conquering the land, and an idealization of the rural pioneer.